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It:Epinephrine

2006-12-07T11:00:59Z

Vt04:

{{Drug-Box |
| Box_Name = Epinephrine
| ImageFile = Epinephrine.JPG
| IUPACName = 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]- (9CI)
| OtherName = Adrenaline
| CAS_No = 51-43-01
| ATC_Code =
| PubChem = 838
| SMILES = <nowiki> OC1=C(O)C=CC(C(CNC)O)=C1</nowiki>
| Formula = C9H13NO3
| MolarMass = 183.204
| Bioavailability =
| Protein_binding =
| Metabolism =
| Half_life = 2 minutes
| Excretion =
| Pregnancy_cat =
| Legal_status =
| Routes =
}}

==Epinephrine==
Epinephrine (commonly known as adrenaline and epi in medicine) is secreted by the adrenal gland in the kidneys and also in smaller levels by the lungs, and heart ventricles1. It is secreted by the body in moments of danger, excitation and shock. Its effects include increased heart rate, pupil dilation, restriction of blood flow to the digestive system, while increasing the blood flow to the muscles, especially in the legs and arms, it also causes the liver to increase the blood sugar levels.
Side effects can include headaches, high blood pressure, irregular heart beating, an increase in the fluid content of the lungs, which can cause difficulties in breathing, and an impaired glucose tolerance (when taken mixed in the blood with insulin glucose metabolism falls by 41%)2.
In medicine it is used to treat severe allergic reactions, sometimes in cardio-stimulation (however this can cause the heart to become irritable, so other medicines are generally preferred), its can also be used in immunisation due to its ability to temporarily suppress the immune system, which helps the allergen enter the body easier3.

==References==
1.Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 258: L227-L231, 1990

2.J Clin Invest. 1980 March; 65(3): 717–721

3.[http://www.wikipedia.org]

It:Epinephrine

2006-12-07T08:51:14Z

Vt04:

File:Epinephrine.JPG

2006-12-07T08:31:50Z

Vt04:

It:projects

2006-12-07T07:49:17Z

Vt04: /* Supplemental Project Page */

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| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |01
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Lignocaine|Lignocaine (used in dentistry as a "local")]]
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| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |24
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It:Caffeine

2006-11-19T14:42:02Z

Vt04:

==Introduction==
Caffeine is one of the most widely used central nervous system stimulant. Caffeine is present in coffee, tea, chocolate, soft drinks (eg. red bull, coca-cola). Its effects (vary from person to person and are affected by the body size, and tolerance) include: reduced drowsiness, improved attention span, and faster blood circulation. When used in large doses and over a long period of time a 'dependancy' may arise, a person may even suffer from withdrawal symptoms if they stop taking it.

==Spectra==
Below are the 13C NMR and the IR spectra of caffeine
[[Image:Caffeine_NMR1.jpg|thumb|left|200|13C NMR]]
[[Image:Caffeine_IR.jpg|thumb|right|200|IR]]

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Caffeine'''
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Caffeine.gif]]
|-
| [[Chemical name]]
| ''1,3,7-trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine
|-
| [[CAS nummber]]
| 58-08-2
|-
| [[Chemical formula]]
| {{{formula|C8H10N4O2
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| {{{mol_mass|194.1926 g/mol
|-
| [[Melting point]]
| 238 °C
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| 178 °C
|-
| [[Water Solubility]]
| 1-5g/100 ml at 23 C
| 1g/5.5 ml at 88 C
|-
| [[Density]]
| 1.23
|-
| [[Comments]]
| White solid, usually powder or needle-like
| Light sensitive
|-
|}

==Synthesis==
Emil Fischer was the first person to synthesise caffeine, in 1895 however his real objective was to study purines in general. The synthesis of caffeine is not an industrially used process as its extraction from coffee beans or even tea leaves is a much more cost effective process and yields 99.5% pure caffeine. A possible way to synthesis caffeine artificially, from Uracil is shown below. The first step is to methylate the uracil, there are 3 alternate ways in which this can be done the yield however is fairly poor with 10% for method 1, 20% for method 2 and 60% for method 3, the subsequent steps involve nitration, reduction (of the nitro- group), and a ring forming reaction, to form theophylline, and an another methylation to for caffeine.

[[Image:Caffsyn1.jpg|thumb|left|400|Step 1]]
[[Image:Caffsyn2.gif|thumb|left|400|Steps 2-6]]

==Extraction==
The main methods to extract caffeine are:

1. Methylene Chloride/Ethyl Acetate Processing
The raw materials (eg. coffee beans) are softened by steam or hot water, and then methylene chloride or ethyl acetate is added which bonds with the caffeine molecules.

2. CO2 processing
This method involves 'pressure cooking' the raw ingredients with supercritical carbon dioxide, at a high temperature and pressure, the small CO2 molecules extract the relatively small caffeine molecules, whilst the larger oils and flavouring compounds remain untouched. This makes this method popular for decaffeination of coffee.

3. Water extraction
Water extraction is similar to the methylene chloride/ ethyl acetate process, however instead of adding chemicals the raw materials are left to soak in hot water for longer, to allow the caffeine to diffuse into the water. The water is then passed through a carbon filter which removes the caffeine in the water, but as with the previous method does not affect the flavourings. The water is then passed back to the raw ingredients to allow reabsorption of these flavours.

==Effects==
Caffeine is used recreationally to help stay awake, while in medicine it is used to reduce headaches, as a cardiac stimulant, and also to increase urine production. The reason that caffeine reduces drownsiness is because it binds to the adenosine receptors of the nervous system (adenosine causes drowsiness), and therefore prevents adenosine from doing so. Caffeine also constricts the vessels for blood flow to the brain, and therefore increases its activity.
This increased activity is percieved by the pituitary gland as a sign of danger or emergency, and it releases adrenaline, which makes the heart beat faster, pupils to dilate, and the liver to release sugars (and therefore energy). Caffeine has also got an effect on dopamine release in the brain, which 'activates the pleasure center' of the brain.

==References==
1. Synthetic communications [0039-7911] Zajac yr:2003 vol:33 iss:19 pg:3291

2. [http://www.howstuffworks.com]

It:Caffeine

2006-11-19T14:38:02Z

Vt04:

It:Caffeine

2006-11-19T14:36:59Z

Vt04:

It:Caffeine

2006-11-19T14:27:35Z

Vt04:

==Introduction==
Caffeine is one of the most widely used central nervous system stimulant. Caffeine is present in coffee, tea, chocolate, soft drinks (eg. red bull, coca-cola). Its effects (vary from person to person and are affected by the body size, and tolerance) include: reduced drowsiness, improved attention span, and faster blood circulation. When used in large doses and over a long period of time a 'dependancy' may arise, a person may even suffer from withdrawal symptoms if they stop taking it.

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Caffeine'''
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Caffeine.gif]]
|-
| [[Chemical name]]
| ''1,3,7-trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine
|-
| [[CAS nummber]]
| 58-08-2
|-
| [[Chemical formula]]
| {{{formula|C8H10N4O2
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| {{{mol_mass|194.1926 g/mol
|-
| [[Melting point]]
| 238 °C
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| 178 °C
|-
| [[Water Solubility]]
| 1-5g/100 ml at 23 C
| 1g/5.5 ml at 88 C
|-
| [[Density]]
| 1.23
|-
| [[Comments]]
| White solid, usually powder or needle-like
| Light sensitive
|-
|}

==Synthesis==
Emil Fischer was the first person to synthesise caffeine, in 1895 however his real objective was to study purines in general. The synthesis of caffeine is not an industrially used process as its extraction from coffee beans or even tea leaves is a much more cost effective process and yields 99.5% pure caffeine. A possible way to synthesis caffeine artificially, from Uracil is shown below. The first step is to methylate the uracil, there are 3 alternate ways in which this can be done the yield however is fairly poor with 10% for method 1, 20% for method 2 and 60% for method 3, the subsequent steps involve nitration, reduction (of the nitro- group), and a ring forming reaction, to form theophylline, and an another methylation to for caffeine.

[[Image:Caffsyn1.jpg|thumb|left|400|Step 1]]
[[Image:Caffsyn2.gif|thumb|left|400|Steps 2-6]]

==Extraction==
The main methods to extract caffeine are:

1. Methylene Chloride/Ethyl Acetate Processing
The raw materials (eg. coffee beans) are softened by steam or hot water, and then methylene chloride or ethyl acetate is added which bonds with the caffeine molecules.

2. CO2 processing
This method involves 'pressure cooking' the raw ingredients with supercritical carbon dioxide, at a high temperature and pressure, the small CO2 molecules extract the relatively small caffeine molecules, whilst the larger oils and flavouring compounds remain untouched. This makes this method popular for decaffeination of coffee.

3. Water extraction
Water extraction is similar to the methylene chloride/ ethyl acetate process, however instead of adding chemicals the raw materials are left to soak in hot water for longer, to allow the caffeine to diffuse into the water. The water is then passed through a carbon filter which removes the caffeine in the water, but as with the previous method does not affect the flavourings. The water is then passed back to the raw ingredients to allow reabsorption of these flavours.

==Effects==
Caffeine is used recreationally to help stay awake, while in medicine it is used to reduce headaches, as a cardiac stimulant, and also to increase urine production. The reason that caffeine reduces drownsiness is because it binds to the adenosine receptors of the nervous system (adenosine causes drowsiness), and therefore prevents adenosine from doing so. Caffeine also constricts the vessels for blood flow to the brain, and therefore increases its activity.
This increased activity is percieved by the pituitary gland as a sign of danger or emergency, and it releases adrenaline, which makes the heart beat faster, pupils to dilate, and the liver to release sugars (and therefore energy). Caffeine has also got an effect on dopamine release in the brain, which 'activates the pleasure center' of the brain.

It:Caffeine

2006-11-19T14:01:46Z

Vt04:

==Introduction==
Caffeine is one of the most widely used central nervous system stimulant. Caffeine is present in coffee, tea, chocolate, soft drinks (eg. red bull, coca-cola). Its effects (vary from person to person and are affected by the body size, and tolerance) include: reduced drowsiness, improved attention span, and faster blood circulation. When used in large doses and over a long period of time a 'dependancy' may arise, a person may even suffer from withdrawal symptoms if they stop taking it.

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Caffeine'''
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Caffeine.gif]]
|-
| [[Chemical name]]
| ''1,3,7-trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine
|-
| [[CAS nummber]]
| 58-08-2
|-
| [[Chemical formula]]
| {{{formula|C8H10N4O2
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| {{{mol_mass|194.1926 g/mol
|-
| [[Melting point]]
| 238 °C
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| 178 °C
|-
| [[Water Solubility]]
| 1-5g/100 ml at 23 C
| 1g/5.5 ml at 88 C
|-
| [[Density]]
| 1.23
|-
| [[Comments]]
| White solid, usually powder or needle-like
| Light sensitive
|-
|}

==Synthesis==
Emil Fischer was the first person to synthesise caffeine, in 1895 however his real objective was to study purines in general. The synthesis of caffeine is not an industrially used process as its extraction from coffee beans or even tea leaves is a much more cost effective process and yields 99.5% pure caffeine. A possible way to synthesis caffeine artificially, from Uracil is shown below. The first step is to methylate the uracil, there are 3 alternate ways in which this can be done the yield however is fairly poor with 10% for method 1, 20% for method 2 and 60% for method 3, the subsequent steps involve nitration, reduction (of the nitro- group), and a ring forming reaction, to form theophylline, and an another methylation to for caffeine.

[[Image:Caffsyn1.jpg|thumb|left|400|Step 1]]
[[Image:Caffsyn2.gif|thumb|left|400|Steps 2-6]]

==Extraction==
The main methods to extract caffeine are:

1. Methylene Chloride/Ethyl Acetate Processing
The raw materials (eg. coffee beans) are softened by steam or hot water, and then methylene chloride or ethyl acetate is added which bonds with the caffeine molecules.

2. CO2 processing
This method involves 'pressure cooking' the raw ingredients with supercritical carbon dioxide, at a high temperature and pressure, the small CO2 molecules extract the relatively small caffeine molecules, whilst the larger oils and flavouring compounds remain untouched. This makes this method popular for decaffeination of coffee.

3. Water extraction
Water extraction is similar to the methylene chloride/ ethyl acetate process, however instead of adding chemicals the raw materials are left to soak in hot water for longer, to allow the caffeine to diffuse into the water. The water is then passed through a carbon filter which removes the caffeine in the water, but as with the previous method does not affect the flavourings. The water is then passed back to the raw ingredients to allow reabsorption of these flavours.

It:Caffeine

2006-11-19T13:56:20Z

Vt04:

==Introduction==
Caffeine is one of the most widely used central nervous system stimulant. Caffeine is present in coffee, tea, chocolate, soft drinks (eg. red bull, coca-cola). Its effects (vary from person to person and are affected by the body size, and tolerance) include: reduced drowsiness, improved attention span, and faster blood circulation. When used in large doses and over a long period of time a 'dependancy' may arise, a person may even suffer from withdrawal symptoms if they stop taking it.

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Caffeine'''
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Caffeine.gif]]
|-
| [[Chemical name]]
| ''1,3,7-trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine
|-
| [[CAS nummber]]
| 58-08-2
|-
| [[Chemical formula]]
| {{{formula|C8H10N4O2
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| {{{mol_mass|194.1926 g/mol
|-
| [[Melting point]]
| 238 °C
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| 178 °C
|-
| [[Water Solubility]]
| 1-5g/100 ml at 23 C
| 1g/5.5 ml at 88 C
|-
| [[Density]]
| 1.23
|-
| [[Comments]]
| White solid, usually powder or needle-like
| Light sensitive
|-
|}

==Synthesis==
Emil Fischer was the first person to synthesise caffeine, in 1895 however his real objective was to study purines in general. The synthesis of caffeine is not an industrially used process as its extraction from coffee beans or even tea leaves is a much more cost effective process and yields 99.5% pure caffeine. A possible way to synthesis caffeine artificially, from Uracil is shown below. The first step is to methylate the uracil, there are 3 alternate ways in which this can be done the yield however is fairly poor with 10% for method 1, 20% for method 2 and 60% for method 3, the subsequent steps involve nitration, reduction (of the nitro- group), and a ring forming reaction, to form theophylline, and an another methylation to for caffeine.

[[Image:Caffsyn1.jpg|thumb|left|400|Step 1]]
[[Image:Caffsyn2.gif|thumb|left|400|Steps 2-6]]

==Extraction==
The main methods to extract caffeine are:

1. Methylene Chloride/Ethyl Acetate Processing
The raw materials (eg. coffee beans) are softened by steam or hot water, and then methylene chloride or ethyl acetate is added which bonds with the caffeine molecules.

2. CO2 processing
This method involves 'pressure cooking' the raw ingredients with supercritical carbon dioxide, at a high temperature and pressure, the small CO2 molecules extract the relatively small caffeine molecules, whilst the larger oils and flavouring compounds remain untouched. This makes this method popular for decaffeination of coffee.

3. Water extraction
Water extraction is similar to the methylene chloride/ ethyl acetate process, however instead of adding chemicals the raw materials are left to soak in hot water for longer, to allow the caffeine to diffuse into the water. The water is then passed through a carbon filter which removes the caffeine in the water, but as with the previous method does not affect the flavourings. The water is then passed back to the raw ingredients to allow reabsorption of these flavours.

It:Caffeine

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File:Caffsyn2.gif

2006-11-19T13:11:22Z

Vt04:

File:Caffsyn1.jpg

2006-11-19T13:11:08Z

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It:Caffeine

2006-11-19T13:08:55Z

Vt04: synthesis

File:Caffeine NMR1.jpg

2006-11-18T14:00:11Z

Vt04:

File:Caffeine IR.jpg

2006-11-18T14:00:02Z

Vt04:

It:Caffeine

2006-11-18T13:38:33Z

Vt04: introduction

It:Caffeine

2006-11-18T13:01:10Z

Vt04:

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Caffeine'''
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Caffeine.gif]]
|-
| [[Chemical name]]
| ''1,3,7-trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine
|-
| [[CAS nummber]]
| 58-08-2
|-
| [[Chemical formula]]
| {{{formula|C8H10N4O2
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| {{{mol_mass|194.1926 g/mol
|-
| [[Melting point]]
| 238 °C
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| 178 °C
|-
| [[Water Solubility]]
| 1-5g/100 ml at 23 C
| 1g/5.5 ml at 88 C
|-
| [[Density]]
| 1.23
|-
| [[Comments]]
| White solid, usually powder or needle-like
| Light sensitive
|-
|}

It:Caffeine

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Vt04:

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Caffeine'''
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Caffeine.gif]]
|-
| [[Chemical name]]
| ''1,3,7-trimethyl-2,6-dioxopurine
|-
| [[CAS nummber]]
| 58-08-2
|-
| [[Chemical formula]]
| {{{formula|C8H10N4O2
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| {{{mol_mass|194.1926 g/mol
|-
| [[Melting point]]
| 238 °C
|-
| [[Water Solubility]]
| 1-5g/100 ml at 23 C
| 1g/5.5 ml at 88 C
|-
| [[Density]]
| 1.23
|-
| [[Comments]]
| White solid, usually powder or needle-like
| Light sensitive
|-
|}

File:Caffeine.gif

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Vt04:

It:projects

2006-11-18T11:13:48Z

Vt04: /* Supplemental Project Page */

__FORCETOC__

'''''You MUST use the Edit buttons on the right to edit this content. Do NOT use the Edit button on the top of this page.'''''
== Sandbox (Play-Pen) ==

This is an area where you can play without worrying what you do. Enter it by pressing the [Edit] button '''on the right''' and '''not''' at the top. Go here for a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Cheatsheet ''cheat sheet''] summary of how to create a Wiki page. It's a free-for-all in here! Learn how to use a Wiki by coming here! PS This is how to do Greek: Α, α, β Δ, δ
Try copying/pasting some of the [http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/local/it/lab1.html examples in the course work] into this page. See the effect by selecting '''Show Preview'''. No not use '''Save Page''' so as to leave this area uncluttered for others.
----

== Main Project Page ==
'''Please do not edit this page itself'''. Click on one of the titles to start editing.
{| summary="CIT Project Titles" border="1"
! bgcolor="cyan" |Project Number
! bgcolor="cyan" |General Keywords
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |01
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Lignocaine|Lignocaine (used in dentistry as a "local")]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |02
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Piperine|Piperine (active ingredient of both black and white pepper)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |03
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Rapamycin|Rapamycin (prevents transplant rejection)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |04
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Gossypol|Gossypol (male birth control)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |05
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Gentamycin|Gentamicin A (aminoglycoside antibiotic)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |06
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Herceptin|Herceptin (topical anticancer drug)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |07
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Gingerone|Zingerone (the characteristic smell of ginger)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |08
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Sucralose|Sucralose (non-metabolizable sweetening agent)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |09
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Bufotoxin|Bufotoxin (active component of the toad ''Bufo vulgaris'')]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |10
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Roaccutane|Roaccutane (treatment for severe acne)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |11
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Sibutramine|Sibutramine (appetite suppresor)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |12
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Anandamide|Anandamide (the "feel-good" factor in chocolate)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |13
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:h3nbh3|Ammonia-borane: H3N-BH3 (Hydrogen storage molecule?)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |14
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Methoxsalen|Methoxsalen (Treatment of psoriasis)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |15
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Hycocine|Hyoscine (From Mandrake and Witches Henbane, pre-med before surgery)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |16
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Capreomycin|Capreomycin (Drug-resistant TB)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |17
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:wilkinson|Wilkinson's catalyst]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |18
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Jacobsen|Jacobsen's epoxidation catalyst]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |19
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Methylaluminoxane|Methylaluminoxane: MAO - hugely important ethylene polymerisation cocatalyst]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |20
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Schwartz|Schwartz reagent for the hydrozirconation of alkenes and alkynes]]
|}

== Supplemental Project Page ==

This area is for people who wish to create their own projects if none of the above appeal to them. Click on the '''Edit''' button to the right to open up an editable page,
then add an entry below as follows

*<nowiki> [[it:name_of_project|Descriptive name of intended project]]</nowiki>
*This will produce the effect: [[it:name_of_project|Descriptive name of intended project]]
----
*[[it:sitagliptin_page|Sitagliptin]]
*[[it:Retinal|Retinal, molecule of sight]]
*[[it:Tamoxifen|Tamoxifen, breast cancer treatment]]
*[[it:Morphine|Morphine, painkiller]]
*[[it:Pelargonidin|Pelargonidin, colouring in nature]]
*[[it:Propanil|Propanil, weedkiller]]
*[[it:Ranitidine|Ranitidine, antiulcerative]]
*[[it:chlorphentermine|chlorphentermine, anorectic]]
*[[it:Serotonin|Serotonin, The 'HAPPY' Drug]]
*[[it:Amphidinolide T1|Amphidinolide T1]]
*[[it:Rosiglitazone|Rosiglitazone, drug that is currently used to treat diabetes.]]
*[[it:Furosemide|Furosemide]]
*[[it:Tryptophan|Tryptophan]]
*[[it:methylpentynol|methylpentynol, tranquilliser.]]
*[[it:Ferrocene|Ferrocene]]
*[[it:Scopolamine|Scopolamine, the (Former) Truth Drug]]
*[[it:Camptothecin|Camptothecin,Anti-cancer agent ]]
*[[it:Salmeterol|Salmeterol, an agonist used to treat asthma]]
*[[it:Psilocin|Psilocin]]
*[[it:Epibatidine|Epibatidine]]
*[[it:Beta Carotene|Beta Carotene]]
*[[it:Thyroxine|Thyroxine, the Thyroid Hormone]]
*[[it:Tetrahydrocannabinol|Tetrahydrocannabinol]]
*[[it:Linalool|Linalool(A component of essential oil)]]
*[[it:Dihydroartemisinin| Dihydroartemisinin, An Active Anti-Malarial]]
*[[it:Acrolein|Acrolein]]
*[[it:Cinnamaldehyde|Cinnamaldehde: The smell and taste in the spice cinnamon]]
*[[it:Melatonin|Melatonin: The All-Natural Nightcap]]
*[[it:Benzylpiperazine|Benzylpiperazine (BZP): Party Pills]]
*[[it:Vanillin|Vanillin, flavouring used in food]]
*[[it:Gingerol|Gingerol, precursor of Zingerone]]
*[[it:MSG|MSG; because everyone loves the flavour]]
*[[it:DDT|DDT, Pesticide]]
*[[it:Oseltamivir|Oseltamivir, neuraminidase inhibitor]]
*[[it:Caffeine|Caffeine]]

== [[Special:Export|Export Pages]] ==

This takes you to an '''Export''' page. A backup of the Projects area can be made (in XML) if you want to keep your own ''snapshot'' of the project pages at any instant. After you Export the page you want (ie '''It:projects''' or '''It:Lignocaine''' for example) the XML encoding of it will appear in your browser Window. You should '''view source''' for this material, copy it to a text editor, and thence save it to disk.

== Overlaps ==

If someone else starts editing a page at the same time as you, the system will detect this and offer alternatives for you to deal with. For example, it may suggest you copy the contents of the page you have been editing and merge it into the other person's page,
so that both the sets of edits are preserved. Read the on-screen instructions carefully!

Another precaution you could take is to keep a copy of the contents of the page you are editing in eg Wordpad (or Word),
make the changes there, and then copy the entire lot to the Wiki page to preview and then save. That way, if your contribution
is overlapped by someone else, you will still have a copy, and you can then resubmit it.
----
--[[User:Rzepa|Rzepa]] 12:25, 19 October 2006 (BST)--[[User:Rzepa|Rzepa]] 08:31, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

== Wiki Utillities ==
Utilities have been written to help the conversion of material from HTML.

# [http://diberri.dyndns.org/wikipedia/html2wiki/ A HTML2Wiki Converter]

No wiki2html converter suitable for use has yet been identified.
=== Wiki Templates ===

[[Template:DOI]] and [[Template:Doi-inline]] are providea as (protected) templates for your use. Many other templates exist, often to be found on e.g. Wikipedia pages. You may decide one of these is of particular use, or of interest. If so, you can install it on the wiki here for you and others to use. Add below a line that looks like {{template-name|parameter}}, save, and click on the red text to create the new template. If you prefer the task of adding useful templates to that of adding information about molecules, then you will be given full credit for performing this valuable service for others!
--[[User:Rzepa|Rzepa]] 14:41, 20 October 2006 (BST)

----
[[Template:Chem-Data]]

[[Template:Chembox supplement]] - to be linked to from the supplementary section of the table in the template above, for usage see [[Template_talk:chembox_supplement|here]]

[[Template:NFPA_704]] - for notes on how to use, see [[Template_talk:NFPA_704|here]]

[[R & S Phrases]]

It:Schwartz

2006-10-23T12:51:44Z

Vt04:

== Introduction ==
The Scwartz Reagent is a commercially available chemical with a structural formula of Cp2Zr(H)Cl. It is used in the hydrozirconation of alkynes and alkenes. It is used due to:
-It's wide availability
-The mild conditions that are required to make the reaction happen
-It's efficiency
-And it's excellent regio- and stereochemical selectivity