ChemWiki - User contributions [en]

It:Benzylpiperazine

2006-11-10T14:15:36Z

Jtm05: started

Benzylpiperazine (BZP) is a stimulant used recreationally. It is the key ingredient of "party pills" which are taken by people desiring a burst of energy, often so they can keep active during long raves and parties.

It:projects

2006-11-10T14:12:18Z

Jtm05: /* Supplemental Project Page */ added benzylpiperazine

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| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |01
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Lignocaine|Lignocaine (used in dentistry as a "local")]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |02
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Piperine|Piperine (active ingredient of both black and white pepper)]]
|-
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| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Rapamycin|Rapamycin (prevents transplant rejection)]]
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| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |11
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| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |12
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Anandamide|Anandamide (the "feel-good" factor in chocolate)]]
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| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |13
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:h3nbh3|Ammonia-borane: H<sub>3</sub>N-BH<sub>3</sub> (Hydrogen storage molecule?)]]
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| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |14
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Methoxsalen|Methoxsalen (Treatment of psoriasis)]]
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| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Schwartz|Schwartz reagent for the hydrozirconation of alkenes and alkynes]]
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----
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*[[it:Benzylpiperazine|Benzylpiperazine (BZP): Party Pills]]

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It:Ferrocene

2006-11-10T14:09:45Z

Jtm05: /* Chemical Reactions */ filled in chemical reactions

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Ferrocene'''
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:FerroceneDraw.bmp|thumb|An iron centre surrounded by two cyclopentadiene rings]]
|-
!{{chembox header}}| General
|-
! Systematic Chemical name
| bis(?5-cyclopentadienyl)iron(II)
|-
!Synonyms
| Ferrocene, iron cyclopentadienyl
|-
!Chemical formula
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>10</sub>Fe
|-
! Molecular Weight
| 186.04 amu
|-
!{{chembox header}}| Physical Properties
|-
!Solubility
|Soluble in organic solvents. Insoluble in water
|-
!Melting Point
|174 –176°C (447–449 K)
|-
!Boiling Point
|249 °C (522 K)
|-
!Density
|1,490 g/m3 (20 °C)
|-
|}

== Structure ==

[[Image:Ferrocene.jpg]]

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>400</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>102-54-5
WLViewer 3D 0

11 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
8.7690 9.6516 -0.1910 Fe 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
9.4305 10.9070 0.9015 C 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
9.6682 11.2032 -0.8327 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
7.2426 10.7683 0.1163 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
7.8895 10.9970 -1.0578 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
9.5712 7.9079 -0.0581 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
8.7504 8.0104 -1.1574 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
7.6268 8.6166 0.8237 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
7.2628 8.5782 -0.9293 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
8.8478 8.2759 1.1499 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
8.1252 10.7293 1.2377 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
1 2 1 0 0 0
1 3 1 0 0 0
1 4 1 0 0 0
1 5 1 0 0 0
1 6 1 0 0 0
1 7 1 0 0 0
1 8 1 0 0 0
1 9 1 0 0 0
1 10 1 0 0 0
1 11 1 0 0 0
2 3 1 0 0 0
2 11 2 0 0 0
3 5 1 0 0 0
4 5 2 0 0 0
4 11 1 0 0 0
6 7 2 0 0 0
6 10 1 0 0 0
7 9 1 0 0 0
8 9 1 0 0 0
8 10 2 0 0 0
M END
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

Above: 3D structure of ferrocene

Ferrocene is famous for its 'sandwich structure'. This is where the two cyclopentadiene molecules are situated above and below the iron centre, with the bonding occuring via the pi-electrons of the aromatic rings, which are shared with the central iron ion. This delocalised configuration of electrons is particularly stable. X-Ray diffraction in 1952 by Fisher showed that the cylopentadiene rings are staggered.

== History ==

Ernst Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) were awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1974 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene. This was for work done 20 years earlier starting in 1952(ref 2), after the compound had first been synthesised in December 1951 by T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (ref 3).

=== IR Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlirspectrumferrocene.gif]]

Above: IR spectrum of ferrocene (ref 1)

=== Mass Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlmassspectrumferrocene.jpg]]

Above: mass spectrum of ferrocene (ref 4)

== Chemical Reactions ==

Ferrocene's characteristic chemical property is that it can do one-electron oxidation reactions at low potentials. Oxidation reactions often use Ferrocenium salts as the oxidant because the redox product of these reactions is ferrocene itself. This is inert enough that it can be readily removed from the desired products.

Apart from this, Ferrocene is also capable of undergoing Friedel-Crafts reactions in the same manner as a regular aromatic compound.

It can also be deprotonated by a strong base such as an organolithium compound. This will result in 1,1'-dilithioferrocene (Chemical Formula:Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>Li<sub>2</sub>)which is a powerful nucleophile.

== Physical Properties ==

Ferrocene is an yellow-orange solid that stable in air. Ferrocene is soluble in organic solvents but is insoluble in water. Ferrocene will sublime in a vacuum

==Uses of Ferrocene==

Because ferrocene will sublime easily in a vaccuum, it is often used to deposit fullerenes. Apart from this, most of the uses involve ferrocene derivatives rather than ferrocene itself.

Ferrocene can be used in diesel to prevent soot production and in petrol as an anti-knocking agent (it increases the fuels octane rating, meaning that it makes them less likely to detonate early, causing damage to an engine). It is considered safer to use than, for example, Tetra-ethyl lead, but can lead to other problems over time (i.e. sparkplug failure).

Certain salts of ferrocene are being used in experimental anti-cancer drugs including Tamoxifen which is used as a treatment for breast cancer.

It is possible to use ferrocenyl phosphines as ligand scaffolds in reactions catalysed by transition-metals.

==References==

1. Data provided by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan)

2. Wilkinson and Woodward( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 2125)

3. T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (Nature, 15/12/51)

4. Spectral data provided by Wiley Subscription Services, Inc. (US)

5. "Hazardous Substances Data Bank" data are provided by the National Library of Medicine (US)

--[[User:Jtm05|Jtm05]] 12:14, 27 October 2006 (BST)

--[[User:Vl105|Vl105]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

It:Ferrocene

2006-11-10T14:00:57Z

Jtm05: /* Chemical Properties */

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Ferrocene'''
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:FerroceneDraw.bmp|thumb|An iron centre surrounded by two cyclopentadiene rings]]
|-
!{{chembox header}}| General
|-
! Systematic Chemical name
| bis(?5-cyclopentadienyl)iron(II)
|-
!Synonyms
| Ferrocene, iron cyclopentadienyl
|-
!Chemical formula
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>10</sub>Fe
|-
! Molecular Weight
| 186.04 amu
|-
!{{chembox header}}| Physical Properties
|-
!Solubility
|Soluble in organic solvents. Insoluble in water
|-
!Melting Point
|174 –176°C (447–449 K)
|-
!Boiling Point
|249 °C (522 K)
|-
!Density
|1,490 g/m3 (20 °C)
|-
|}

== Structure ==

[[Image:Ferrocene.jpg]]

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>400</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>102-54-5
WLViewer 3D 0

11 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
8.7690 9.6516 -0.1910 Fe 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
9.4305 10.9070 0.9015 C 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
9.6682 11.2032 -0.8327 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
7.2426 10.7683 0.1163 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
7.8895 10.9970 -1.0578 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
9.5712 7.9079 -0.0581 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
8.7504 8.0104 -1.1574 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
7.6268 8.6166 0.8237 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
7.2628 8.5782 -0.9293 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
8.8478 8.2759 1.1499 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
8.1252 10.7293 1.2377 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
1 2 1 0 0 0
1 3 1 0 0 0
1 4 1 0 0 0
1 5 1 0 0 0
1 6 1 0 0 0
1 7 1 0 0 0
1 8 1 0 0 0
1 9 1 0 0 0
1 10 1 0 0 0
1 11 1 0 0 0
2 3 1 0 0 0
2 11 2 0 0 0
3 5 1 0 0 0
4 5 2 0 0 0
4 11 1 0 0 0
6 7 2 0 0 0
6 10 1 0 0 0
7 9 1 0 0 0
8 9 1 0 0 0
8 10 2 0 0 0
M END
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

Above: 3D structure of ferrocene

Ferrocene is famous for its 'sandwich structure'. This is where the two cyclopentadiene molecules are situated above and below the iron centre, with the bonding occuring via the pi-electrons of the aromatic rings, which are shared with the central iron ion. This delocalised configuration of electrons is particularly stable. X-Ray diffraction in 1952 by Fisher showed that the cylopentadiene rings are staggered.

== History ==

Ernst Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) were awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1974 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene. This was for work done 20 years earlier starting in 1952(ref 2), after the compound had first been synthesised in December 1951 by T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (ref 3).

=== IR Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlirspectrumferrocene.gif]]

Above: IR spectrum of ferrocene (ref 1)

=== Mass Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlmassspectrumferrocene.jpg]]

Above: mass spectrum of ferrocene (ref 4)

== Chemical Reactions ==

Ferrocene is capable of undergoing Friedel-Crafts reactions in the same manner as a regular aromatic compound.

It can also be deprotonated by a strong base such as an organolithium compound. This will result in 1,1'-dilithioferrocene (Chemical Formula:Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>Li<sub>2</sub>)which is a powerful nucleophile.

== Physical Properties ==

Ferrocene is an yellow-orange solid that stable in air. Ferrocene is soluble in organic solvents but is insoluble in water. Ferrocene will sublime in a vacuum

==Uses of Ferrocene==

Because ferrocene will sublime easily in a vaccuum, it is often used to deposit fullerenes. Apart from this, most of the uses involve ferrocene derivatives rather than ferrocene itself.

Ferrocene can be used in diesel to prevent soot production and in petrol as an anti-knocking agent (it increases the fuels octane rating, meaning that it makes them less likely to detonate early, causing damage to an engine). It is considered safer to use than, for example, Tetra-ethyl lead, but can lead to other problems over time (i.e. sparkplug failure).

Certain salts of ferrocene are being used in experimental anti-cancer drugs including Tamoxifen which is used as a treatment for breast cancer.

It is possible to use ferrocenyl phosphines as ligand scaffolds in reactions catalysed by transition-metals.

==References==

1. Data provided by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan)

2. Wilkinson and Woodward( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 2125)

3. T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (Nature, 15/12/51)

4. Spectral data provided by Wiley Subscription Services, Inc. (US)

5. "Hazardous Substances Data Bank" data are provided by the National Library of Medicine (US)

--[[User:Jtm05|Jtm05]] 12:14, 27 October 2006 (BST)

--[[User:Vl105|Vl105]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

It:Ferrocene

2006-11-10T12:46:47Z

Jtm05: /* Physical Properties */ added chemical properties

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Ferrocene'''
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:FerroceneDraw.bmp|thumb|An iron centre surrounded by two cyclopentadiene rings]]
|-
!{{chembox header}}| General
|-
! Systematic Chemical name
| bis(?5-cyclopentadienyl)iron(II)
|-
!Synonyms
| Ferrocene, iron cyclopentadienyl
|-
!Chemical formula
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>10</sub>Fe
|-
! Molecular Weight
| 186.04 amu
|-
!{{chembox header}}| Physical Properties
|-
!Solubility
|Soluble in organic solvents. Insoluble in water
|-
!Melting Point
|174 –176°C (447–449 K)
|-
!Boiling Point
|249 °C (522 K)
|-
!Density
|1,490 g/m3 (20 °C)
|-
|}

== Structure ==

[[Image:Ferrocene.jpg]]

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>400</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>102-54-5
WLViewer 3D 0

11 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
8.7690 9.6516 -0.1910 Fe 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
9.4305 10.9070 0.9015 C 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
9.6682 11.2032 -0.8327 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
7.2426 10.7683 0.1163 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
7.8895 10.9970 -1.0578 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
9.5712 7.9079 -0.0581 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
8.7504 8.0104 -1.1574 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
7.6268 8.6166 0.8237 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
7.2628 8.5782 -0.9293 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
8.8478 8.2759 1.1499 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
8.1252 10.7293 1.2377 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
1 2 1 0 0 0
1 3 1 0 0 0
1 4 1 0 0 0
1 5 1 0 0 0
1 6 1 0 0 0
1 7 1 0 0 0
1 8 1 0 0 0
1 9 1 0 0 0
1 10 1 0 0 0
1 11 1 0 0 0
2 3 1 0 0 0
2 11 2 0 0 0
3 5 1 0 0 0
4 5 2 0 0 0
4 11 1 0 0 0
6 7 2 0 0 0
6 10 1 0 0 0
7 9 1 0 0 0
8 9 1 0 0 0
8 10 2 0 0 0
M END
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

Above: 3D structure of ferrocene

Ferrocene is famous for its 'sandwich structure'. This is where the two cyclopentadiene molecules are situated above and below the iron centre, with the bonding occuring via the pi-electrons of the aromatic rings, which are shared with the central iron ion. This delocalised configuration of electrons is particularly stable. X-Ray diffraction in 1952 by Fisher showed that the cylopentadiene rings are staggered.

== History ==

Ernst Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) were awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1974 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene. This was for work done 20 years earlier starting in 1952(ref 2), after the compound had first been synthesised in December 1951 by T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (ref 3).

=== IR Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlirspectrumferrocene.gif]]

Above: IR spectrum of ferrocene (ref 1)

=== Mass Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlmassspectrumferrocene.jpg]]

Above: mass spectrum of ferrocene (ref 4)

== Chemical Properties ==

== Physical Properties ==

Ferrocene is an yellow-orange solid that stable in air. Ferrocene is soluble in organic solvents but is insoluble in water. Ferrocene will sublime in a vacuum

==Uses of Ferrocene==

Because ferrocene will sublime easily in a vaccuum, it is often used to deposit fullerenes. Apart from this, most of the uses involve ferrocene derivatives rather than ferrocene itself.

Ferrocene can be used in diesel to prevent soot production and in petrol as an anti-knocking agent (it increases the fuels octane rating, meaning that it makes them less likely to detonate early, causing damage to an engine). It is considered safer to use than, for example, Tetra-ethyl lead, but can lead to other problems over time (i.e. sparkplug failure).

Certain salts of ferrocene are being used in experimental anti-cancer drugs including Tamoxifen which is used as a treatment for breast cancer.

It is possible to use ferrocenyl phosphines as ligand scaffolds in reactions catalysed by transition-metals.

==References==

1. Data provided by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan)

2. Wilkinson and Woodward( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 2125)

3. T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (Nature, 15/12/51)

4. Spectral data provided by Wiley Subscription Services, Inc. (US)

5. "Hazardous Substances Data Bank" data are provided by the National Library of Medicine (US)

--[[User:Jtm05|Jtm05]] 12:14, 27 October 2006 (BST)

--[[User:Vl105|Vl105]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

It:Ferrocene

2006-11-10T12:45:16Z

Jtm05: /* Uses of Ferrocene */

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Ferrocene'''
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:FerroceneDraw.bmp|thumb|An iron centre surrounded by two cyclopentadiene rings]]
|-
!{{chembox header}}| General
|-
! Systematic Chemical name
| bis(?5-cyclopentadienyl)iron(II)
|-
!Synonyms
| Ferrocene, iron cyclopentadienyl
|-
!Chemical formula
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>10</sub>Fe
|-
! Molecular Weight
| 186.04 amu
|-
!{{chembox header}}| Physical Properties
|-
!Solubility
|Soluble in organic solvents. Insoluble in water
|-
!Melting Point
|174 –176°C (447–449 K)
|-
!Boiling Point
|249 °C (522 K)
|-
!Density
|1,490 g/m3 (20 °C)
|-
|}

== Structure ==

[[Image:Ferrocene.jpg]]

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>400</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>102-54-5
WLViewer 3D 0

11 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
8.7690 9.6516 -0.1910 Fe 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
9.4305 10.9070 0.9015 C 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
9.6682 11.2032 -0.8327 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
7.2426 10.7683 0.1163 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
7.8895 10.9970 -1.0578 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
9.5712 7.9079 -0.0581 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
8.7504 8.0104 -1.1574 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
7.6268 8.6166 0.8237 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
7.2628 8.5782 -0.9293 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
8.8478 8.2759 1.1499 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
8.1252 10.7293 1.2377 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
1 2 1 0 0 0
1 3 1 0 0 0
1 4 1 0 0 0
1 5 1 0 0 0
1 6 1 0 0 0
1 7 1 0 0 0
1 8 1 0 0 0
1 9 1 0 0 0
1 10 1 0 0 0
1 11 1 0 0 0
2 3 1 0 0 0
2 11 2 0 0 0
3 5 1 0 0 0
4 5 2 0 0 0
4 11 1 0 0 0
6 7 2 0 0 0
6 10 1 0 0 0
7 9 1 0 0 0
8 9 1 0 0 0
8 10 2 0 0 0
M END
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

Above: 3D structure of ferrocene

Ferrocene is famous for its 'sandwich structure'. This is where the two cyclopentadiene molecules are situated above and below the iron centre, with the bonding occuring via the pi-electrons of the aromatic rings, which are shared with the central iron ion. This delocalised configuration of electrons is particularly stable. X-Ray diffraction in 1952 by Fisher showed that the cylopentadiene rings are staggered.

== History ==

Ernst Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) were awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1974 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene. This was for work done 20 years earlier starting in 1952(ref 2), after the compound had first been synthesised in December 1951 by T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (ref 3).

=== IR Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlirspectrumferrocene.gif]]

Above: IR spectrum of ferrocene (ref 1)

=== Mass Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlmassspectrumferrocene.jpg]]

Above: mass spectrum of ferrocene (ref 4)

== Physical Properties ==

Ferrocene is an yellow-orange solid that stable in air. Ferrocene is soluble in organic solvents but is insoluble in water. Ferrocene will sublime in a vacuum

==Uses of Ferrocene==

Because ferrocene will sublime easily in a vaccuum, it is often used to deposit fullerenes. Apart from this, most of the uses involve ferrocene derivatives rather than ferrocene itself.

Ferrocene can be used in diesel to prevent soot production and in petrol as an anti-knocking agent (it increases the fuels octane rating, meaning that it makes them less likely to detonate early, causing damage to an engine). It is considered safer to use than, for example, Tetra-ethyl lead, but can lead to other problems over time (i.e. sparkplug failure).

Certain salts of ferrocene are being used in experimental anti-cancer drugs including Tamoxifen which is used as a treatment for breast cancer.

It is possible to use ferrocenyl phosphines as ligand scaffolds in reactions catalysed by transition-metals.

==References==

1. Data provided by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan)

2. Wilkinson and Woodward( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 2125)

3. T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (Nature, 15/12/51)

4. Spectral data provided by Wiley Subscription Services, Inc. (US)

5. "Hazardous Substances Data Bank" data are provided by the National Library of Medicine (US)

--[[User:Jtm05|Jtm05]] 12:14, 27 October 2006 (BST)

--[[User:Vl105|Vl105]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

It:Ferrocene

2006-11-10T12:43:10Z

Jtm05: /* Physical Properties */ adding uses

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Ferrocene'''
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:FerroceneDraw.bmp|thumb|An iron centre surrounded by two cyclopentadiene rings]]
|-
!{{chembox header}}| General
|-
! Systematic Chemical name
| bis(?5-cyclopentadienyl)iron(II)
|-
!Synonyms
| Ferrocene, iron cyclopentadienyl
|-
!Chemical formula
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>10</sub>Fe
|-
! Molecular Weight
| 186.04 amu
|-
!{{chembox header}}| Physical Properties
|-
!Solubility
|Soluble in organic solvents. Insoluble in water
|-
!Melting Point
|174 –176°C (447–449 K)
|-
!Boiling Point
|249 °C (522 K)
|-
!Density
|1,490 g/m3 (20 °C)
|-
|}

== Structure ==

[[Image:Ferrocene.jpg]]

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>400</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>102-54-5
WLViewer 3D 0

11 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
8.7690 9.6516 -0.1910 Fe 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
9.4305 10.9070 0.9015 C 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
9.6682 11.2032 -0.8327 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
7.2426 10.7683 0.1163 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
7.8895 10.9970 -1.0578 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
9.5712 7.9079 -0.0581 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
8.7504 8.0104 -1.1574 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
7.6268 8.6166 0.8237 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
7.2628 8.5782 -0.9293 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
8.8478 8.2759 1.1499 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
8.1252 10.7293 1.2377 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
1 2 1 0 0 0
1 3 1 0 0 0
1 4 1 0 0 0
1 5 1 0 0 0
1 6 1 0 0 0
1 7 1 0 0 0
1 8 1 0 0 0
1 9 1 0 0 0
1 10 1 0 0 0
1 11 1 0 0 0
2 3 1 0 0 0
2 11 2 0 0 0
3 5 1 0 0 0
4 5 2 0 0 0
4 11 1 0 0 0
6 7 2 0 0 0
6 10 1 0 0 0
7 9 1 0 0 0
8 9 1 0 0 0
8 10 2 0 0 0
M END
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

Above: 3D structure of ferrocene

Ferrocene is famous for its 'sandwich structure'. This is where the two cyclopentadiene molecules are situated above and below the iron centre, with the bonding occuring via the pi-electrons of the aromatic rings, which are shared with the central iron ion. This delocalised configuration of electrons is particularly stable. X-Ray diffraction in 1952 by Fisher showed that the cylopentadiene rings are staggered.

== History ==

Ernst Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) were awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1974 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene. This was for work done 20 years earlier starting in 1952(ref 2), after the compound had first been synthesised in December 1951 by T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (ref 3).

=== IR Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlirspectrumferrocene.gif]]

Above: IR spectrum of ferrocene (ref 1)

=== Mass Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlmassspectrumferrocene.jpg]]

Above: mass spectrum of ferrocene (ref 4)

== Physical Properties ==

Ferrocene is an yellow-orange solid that stable in air. Ferrocene is soluble in organic solvents but is insoluble in water. Ferrocene will sublime in a vacuum

==Uses of Ferrocene==

Because ferrocene will sublime easily in a vaccuum, it is often used to deposit fullerenes. Apart from this, most of the uses involve ferrocene derivatives rather than ferrocene itself.

Ferrocene can be used in diesel to prevent soot production and in petrol as an anti-knocking agent (it increases the fuels octane rating, meaning that it makes them less likely to detonate early, causing damage to an engine). It is considered safer to use than, for example, Tetra-ethyl lead, but can lead to other problems over time (i.e. sparkplug failure).

Certain salts of ferrocene are being used in experimental anti-cancer drugs including Tamoxifen which is used as a treatment for breast cancer.

==References==

1. Data provided by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan)

2. Wilkinson and Woodward( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 2125)

3. T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (Nature, 15/12/51)

4. Spectral data provided by Wiley Subscription Services, Inc. (US)

5. "Hazardous Substances Data Bank" data are provided by the National Library of Medicine (US)

--[[User:Jtm05|Jtm05]] 12:14, 27 October 2006 (BST)

--[[User:Vl105|Vl105]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

It:Ferrocene

2006-11-10T12:31:27Z

Jtm05: /* Data */ deleted table

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Ferrocene'''
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:FerroceneDraw.bmp|thumb|An iron centre surrounded by two cyclopentadiene rings]]
|-
!{{chembox header}}| General
|-
! Systematic Chemical name
| bis(?5-cyclopentadienyl)iron(II)
|-
!Synonyms
| Ferrocene, iron cyclopentadienyl
|-
!Chemical formula
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>10</sub>Fe
|-
! Molecular Weight
| 186.04 amu
|-
!{{chembox header}}| Physical Properties
|-
!Solubility
|Soluble in organic solvents. Insoluble in water
|-
!Melting Point
|174 –176°C (447–449 K)
|-
!Boiling Point
|249 °C (522 K)
|-
!Density
|1,490 g/m3 (20 °C)
|-
|}

== Structure ==

[[Image:Ferrocene.jpg]]

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>400</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>102-54-5
WLViewer 3D 0

11 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
8.7690 9.6516 -0.1910 Fe 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
9.4305 10.9070 0.9015 C 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
9.6682 11.2032 -0.8327 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
7.2426 10.7683 0.1163 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
7.8895 10.9970 -1.0578 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
9.5712 7.9079 -0.0581 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
8.7504 8.0104 -1.1574 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
7.6268 8.6166 0.8237 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
7.2628 8.5782 -0.9293 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
8.8478 8.2759 1.1499 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
8.1252 10.7293 1.2377 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
1 2 1 0 0 0
1 3 1 0 0 0
1 4 1 0 0 0
1 5 1 0 0 0
1 6 1 0 0 0
1 7 1 0 0 0
1 8 1 0 0 0
1 9 1 0 0 0
1 10 1 0 0 0
1 11 1 0 0 0
2 3 1 0 0 0
2 11 2 0 0 0
3 5 1 0 0 0
4 5 2 0 0 0
4 11 1 0 0 0
6 7 2 0 0 0
6 10 1 0 0 0
7 9 1 0 0 0
8 9 1 0 0 0
8 10 2 0 0 0
M END
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

Above: 3D structure of ferrocene

Ferrocene is famous for its 'sandwich structure'. This is where the two cyclopentadiene molecules are situated above and below the iron centre, with the bonding occuring via the pi-electrons of the aromatic rings, which are shared with the central iron ion. This delocalised configuration of electrons is particularly stable. X-Ray diffraction in 1952 by Fisher showed that the cylopentadiene rings are staggered.

== History ==

Ernst Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) were awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1974 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene. This was for work done 20 years earlier starting in 1952(ref 2), after the compound had first been synthesised in December 1951 by T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (ref 3).

=== IR Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlirspectrumferrocene.gif]]

Above: IR spectrum of ferrocene (ref 1)

=== Mass Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlmassspectrumferrocene.jpg]]

Above: mass spectrum of ferrocene (ref 4)

== Physical Properties ==

Ferrocene is an yellow-orange solid that stable in air. Ferrocene is soluble in organic solvents but is insoluble in water. Ferrocene will sublime in a vacuum

==References==

1. Data provided by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan)

2. Wilkinson and Woodward( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 2125)

3. T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (Nature, 15/12/51)

4. Spectral data provided by Wiley Subscription Services, Inc. (US)

5. "Hazardous Substances Data Bank" data are provided by the National Library of Medicine (US)

--[[User:Jtm05|Jtm05]] 12:14, 27 October 2006 (BST)

--[[User:Vl105|Vl105]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

It:Ferrocene

2006-11-10T11:20:52Z

Jtm05: modified chembox

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Ferrocene'''
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:FerroceneDraw.bmp|thumb|An iron centre surrounded by two cyclopentadiene rings]]
|-
!{{chembox header}}| General
|-
! Systematic Chemical name
| bis(?5-cyclopentadienyl)iron(II)
|-
!Synonyms
| Ferrocene, iron cyclopentadienyl
|-
!Chemical formula
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>10</sub>Fe
|-
! Molecular Weight
| 186.04 amu
|-
!{{chembox header}}| Physical Properties
|-
!Solubility
|Soluble in organic solvents. Insoluble in water
|-
!Melting Point
|174 –176°C (447–449 K)
|-
!Boiling Point
|249 °C (522 K)
|-
!Density
|1,490 g/m3 (20 °C)
|-
|}

== Structure ==

[[Image:Ferrocene.jpg]]

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>400</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>102-54-5
WLViewer 3D 0

11 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
8.7690 9.6516 -0.1910 Fe 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
9.4305 10.9070 0.9015 C 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
9.6682 11.2032 -0.8327 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
7.2426 10.7683 0.1163 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
7.8895 10.9970 -1.0578 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
9.5712 7.9079 -0.0581 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
8.7504 8.0104 -1.1574 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
7.6268 8.6166 0.8237 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
7.2628 8.5782 -0.9293 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
8.8478 8.2759 1.1499 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
8.1252 10.7293 1.2377 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
1 2 1 0 0 0
1 3 1 0 0 0
1 4 1 0 0 0
1 5 1 0 0 0
1 6 1 0 0 0
1 7 1 0 0 0
1 8 1 0 0 0
1 9 1 0 0 0
1 10 1 0 0 0
1 11 1 0 0 0
2 3 1 0 0 0
2 11 2 0 0 0
3 5 1 0 0 0
4 5 2 0 0 0
4 11 1 0 0 0
6 7 2 0 0 0
6 10 1 0 0 0
7 9 1 0 0 0
8 9 1 0 0 0
8 10 2 0 0 0
M END
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

Above: 3D structure of ferrocene

Ferrocene is famous for its 'sandwich structure'. This is where the two cyclopentadiene molecules are situated above and below the iron centre, with the bonding occuring via the pi-electrons of the aromatic rings, which are shared with the central iron ion. This delocalised configuration of electrons is particularly stable. X-Ray diffraction in 1952 by Fisher showed that the cylopentadiene rings are staggered.

== History ==

Ernst Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) were awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1974 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene. This was for work done 20 years earlier starting in 1952(ref 2), after the compound had first been synthesised in December 1951 by T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (ref 3).

== Data ==

{| border="1"
|+ '''Physical data for Ferrocene'''
|-
! Boiling Point
|249 °C (522 K)||
|-
! Melting point
|174 –176°C (447–449 K)||
|-
! Density
|1,490 g/m3 (20 °C)||
|-
! Formula Weight
|186.04 amu||
|}
(ref 5)

=== IR Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlirspectrumferrocene.gif]]

Above: IR spectrum of ferrocene (ref 1)

=== Mass Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlmassspectrumferrocene.jpg]]

Above: mass spectrum of ferrocene (ref 4)

== Physical Properties ==

Ferrocene is an yellow-orange solid that stable in air. Ferrocene is soluble in organic solvents but is insoluble in water. Ferrocene will sublime in a vacuum

==References==

1. Data provided by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan)

2. Wilkinson and Woodward( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 2125)

3. T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (Nature, 15/12/51)

4. Spectral data provided by Wiley Subscription Services, Inc. (US)

5. "Hazardous Substances Data Bank" data are provided by the National Library of Medicine (US)

--[[User:Jtm05|Jtm05]] 12:14, 27 October 2006 (BST)

--[[User:Vl105|Vl105]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

It:Ferrocene

2006-11-10T11:17:14Z

Jtm05: added chembox

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>.

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Tryptophan'''
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:FerroceneDraw.bmp]]
|-
!{{chembox header}}| General
|-
! Systematic Chemical name
| bis(?5-cyclopentadienyl)iron(II)
|-
!Synonyms
| Ferrocene, iron cyclopentadienyl
|-
!Chemical formula
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>10</sub>Fe
|-
! Molecular Weight
| 186.04 amu
|-
!{{chembox header}}| Physical Properties
|-
!Solubility
|Soluble in organic solvents. Insoluble in water
|-
!Melting Point
|174 –176°C (447–449 K)
|-
!Boiling Point
|249 °C (522 K)
|-
!Density
|1,490 g/m3 (20 °C)
|-
|}

== Structure ==

[[Image:Ferrocene.jpg]]

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>400</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>102-54-5
WLViewer 3D 0

11 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
8.7690 9.6516 -0.1910 Fe 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
9.4305 10.9070 0.9015 C 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
9.6682 11.2032 -0.8327 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
7.2426 10.7683 0.1163 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
7.8895 10.9970 -1.0578 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
9.5712 7.9079 -0.0581 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
8.7504 8.0104 -1.1574 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
7.6268 8.6166 0.8237 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
7.2628 8.5782 -0.9293 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
8.8478 8.2759 1.1499 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
8.1252 10.7293 1.2377 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
1 2 1 0 0 0
1 3 1 0 0 0
1 4 1 0 0 0
1 5 1 0 0 0
1 6 1 0 0 0
1 7 1 0 0 0
1 8 1 0 0 0
1 9 1 0 0 0
1 10 1 0 0 0
1 11 1 0 0 0
2 3 1 0 0 0
2 11 2 0 0 0
3 5 1 0 0 0
4 5 2 0 0 0
4 11 1 0 0 0
6 7 2 0 0 0
6 10 1 0 0 0
7 9 1 0 0 0
8 9 1 0 0 0
8 10 2 0 0 0
M END
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

Above: 3D structure of ferrocene

Ferrocene is famous for its 'sandwich structure'. This is where the two cyclopentadiene molecules are situated above and below the iron centre, with the bonding occuring via the pi-electrons of the aromatic rings, which are shared with the central iron ion. This delocalised configuration of electrons is particularly stable. X-Ray diffraction in 1952 by Fisher showed that the cylopentadiene rings are staggered.

== History ==

Ernst Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) were awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1974 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene. This was for work done 20 years earlier starting in 1952(ref 2), after the compound had first been synthesised in December 1951 by T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (ref 3).

== Data ==

{| border="1"
|+ '''Physical data for Ferrocene'''
|-
! Boiling Point
|249 °C (522 K)||
|-
! Melting point
|174 –176°C (447–449 K)||
|-
! Density
|1,490 g/m3 (20 °C)||
|-
! Formula Weight
|186.04 amu||
|}
(ref 5)

=== IR Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlirspectrumferrocene.gif]]

Above: IR spectrum of ferrocene (ref 1)

=== Mass Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlmassspectrumferrocene.jpg]]

Above: mass spectrum of ferrocene (ref 4)

== Physical Properties ==

Ferrocene is an yellow-orange solid that stable in air. Ferrocene is soluble in organic solvents but is insoluble in water. Ferrocene will sublime in a vacuum

==References==

1. Data provided by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan)

2. Wilkinson and Woodward( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 2125)

3. T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (Nature, 15/12/51)

4. Spectral data provided by Wiley Subscription Services, Inc. (US)

5. "Hazardous Substances Data Bank" data are provided by the National Library of Medicine (US)

--[[User:Jtm05|Jtm05]] 12:14, 27 October 2006 (BST)

--[[User:Vl105|Vl105]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

It:Ferrocene

2006-11-08T13:44:58Z

Jtm05: changed formula to subscript

File:FerroceneDraw.bmp

2006-11-07T13:02:39Z

Jtm05: ferrocene done on chemdraw

ferrocene done on chemdraw

File:FerroceneDraw.cdx

2006-11-07T12:59:45Z

Jtm05: ferrocen done on chemdraw

ferrocen done on chemdraw

It:Retinal

2006-10-30T13:29:39Z

Jtm05: /* Effects of Bunazosin on ocular circulation and retinal neuronal damage */ minor edit spelling, etc...

__toc__

'''Retinal''', also known as retinaldehyde or retinene<sub>1</sub> is the most important molecule associated with vision. Retinal changes structure when it is exposed to light, essentially transferring the energy from the light it absorbs to an electrical impulse in the retina of the eye, which is then passed along the optic nerve to the central nervous system to be processed. All vision systems operate in this manner, so Retinal is resposible for all vision. Retinal is a retinine molecule that exists as two different isomers - 11-cis retinal and all-trans retinal.

== Structure of Cis-Retinal ==

{| class="toccolours" border="0" style="fix: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
| align="center" bgcolor="lt blue"|'''2D Structure'''
| align="center" bgcolor="lt blue"|'''3D Structure'''
|-
| [[image:Cis-RetinalSo.gif]]
|<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>350</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 100; bns on;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER NONAME 20-Oct-06 NONE 1
HEADER NONAME 23-Oct-06 NONE 1
TITLE NONE 2
AUTHOR WWW daemon apache NONE 3
REVDAT 1 23-Oct-06 0 NONE 4
ATOM 1 O 0 -4.284 3.090 -0.370 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 2 C 0 -4.565 2.093 0.267 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 3 H 0 -5.014 2.185 1.244 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 4 C 0 -4.301 0.826 -0.264 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 5 H 0 -3.848 0.734 -1.240 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 6 C 0 -4.620 -0.304 0.458 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 7 C 0 -5.252 -0.175 1.820 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 8 H 0 -5.510 -1.165 2.196 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 9 H 0 -4.549 0.302 2.503 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 10 H 0 -6.155 0.431 1.745 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 11 C 0 -4.356 -1.571 -0.074 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 12 H 0 -5.156 -2.288 -0.184 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 13 C 0 -3.075 -1.905 -0.455 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 14 H 0 -2.888 -2.841 -0.961 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 15 C 0 -2.013 -1.030 -0.187 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 16 H 0 -2.209 -0.062 0.250 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 17 C 0 -0.732 -1.401 -0.480 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 18 C 0 -0.460 -2.751 -1.091 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 19 H 0 0.617 -2.905 -1.166 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 20 H 0 -0.895 -3.529 -0.463 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 21 H 0 -0.903 -2.796 -2.086 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 22 C 0 0.332 -0.523 -0.212 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 23 H 0 0.148 0.407 0.306 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 24 C 0 1.593 -0.845 -0.603 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 25 H 0 1.769 -1.745 -1.174 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 26 C 0 2.679 0.001 -0.262 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 27 C 0 2.629 1.266 -0.646 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 28 C 0 1.416 1.729 -1.413 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 29 H 0 0.676 2.124 -0.718 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 30 H 0 1.708 2.509 -2.116 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 31 H 0 0.989 0.888 -1.959 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 32 C 0 3.711 2.266 -0.361 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 33 H 0 4.301 2.427 -1.263 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 34 H 0 3.259 3.209 -0.052 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 35 C 0 4.621 1.753 0.756 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 36 H 0 4.080 1.760 1.702 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 37 H 0 5.501 2.391 0.833 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 38 C 0 5.048 0.319 0.417 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 39 H 0 5.449 0.286 -0.595 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 40 H 0 5.809 -0.013 1.124 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 41 C 0 3.817 -0.587 0.519 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 42 C 0 3.414 -0.733 1.988 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 43 H 0 3.178 0.249 2.399 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 44 H 0 2.538 -1.377 2.062 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 45 H 0 4.238 -1.173 2.549 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 46 C 0 4.155 -1.967 -0.050 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 47 H 0 4.922 -2.436 0.566 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 48 H 0 3.260 -2.589 -0.051 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 49 H 0 4.524 -1.859 -1.070 0.00 0.00 H+0
CONECT 1 2 0 0 0 NONE 54
CONECT 2 1 3 4 0 NONE 55
CONECT 4 2 5 6 0 NONE 56
CONECT 6 4 7 11 0 NONE 57
CONECT 7 6 8 9 10 NONE 58
CONECT 11 6 12 13 0 NONE 59
CONECT 13 11 14 15 0 NONE 60
CONECT 15 13 16 17 0 NONE 61
CONECT 17 15 18 22 0 NONE 62
CONECT 18 17 19 20 21 NONE 63
CONECT 22 17 23 24 0 NONE 64
CONECT 24 22 25 26 0 NONE 65
CONECT 26 24 41 27 0 NONE 66
CONECT 27 26 28 32 0 NONE 67
CONECT 28 27 29 30 31 NONE 68
CONECT 32 27 33 34 35 NONE 69
CONECT 35 32 36 37 38 NONE 70
CONECT 38 35 39 40 41 NONE 71
CONECT 41 38 26 42 46 NONE 72
CONECT 42 41 43 44 45 NONE 73
CONECT 46 41 47 48 49 NONE 74
END NONE 75
NONE 70
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|}

== Properties of Cis-Retinal and Trans-Retinal ==

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="fix : right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
| align="center" colspan="1" bgcolor="lt blue"|
| align="center" colspan="1" bgcolor="lt blue"|'''Properties of Cis-Retinal'''
| align="center" colspan="1" bgcolor="lt blue"|'''Properties of Trans-Retinal'''
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="white"|'''General properties'''
|-
| Chemical name
| align="center"|(11Z)-retinal
| align="center"|...
|-
| Chemical formula
| align="center"|C<sub>20</sub>H<sub>28</sub>O
| align="center"|C<sub>20</sub>H<sub>28</sub>O
|-
| Molecular mass
| align="center"|284 g/mol
| align="center"|284 g/mol
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="white"|'''Physical properties'''
|-
| Melting point
| align="center"|... °C
| align="center"|... °C
|-
| Boiling point
| align="center"|... °C
| align="center"|... °C
|-
| Appearance
| align="center"|...
| align="center"|...
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="white" |'''Miscelleneous'''
|-
| SMILES
| align="center"|CC1(C)C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C(C)=C\C=O)
=C(C)CCC1
| align="center"|CC1(C)C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C/C(C)=C/C=O)
=C(C)CCC1
|-
|}

==Structure of all-trans retinal==
'''2D Structure'''

[[Image:AllTransRetinal.gif]]

==The role of retinal in the vision process==

The molecule that takes part in the vision process is rhodopsin which consists of 11-cis retinal and protein opsin. Retinal is a Vitamin A derivative. When there is no light present the 11-cis retinal has a bent configuration and is attached to the retinal molecule in a stable arrangement. When light strikes the retina, the retinal molecule absorbs a photon into one of the pi-bonds between the 11th and 12th carbon atoms, hence the 11 cis retinal is transfformed into the all trans retinal.

[[Image:RetinalConversion.png]]
<br>Compound A 3D Picture

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<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY CRETAL01
COMPND UNNAMED
AUTHOR GENERATED BY CONQUEST
CRYST1 13.180 7.499 17.803 90.00 95.66 90.00 P 21/n 4
ATOM 1 C1 UNK 0 1 3.279 5.402 15.975 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 UNK 0 1 4.046 6.337 15.055 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 UNK 0 1 3.501 7.731 15.036 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 UNK 0 1 2.048 7.716 14.547 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 C5 UNK 0 1 1.242 6.570 15.071 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 UNK 0 1 1.742 5.525 15.720 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 UNK 0 1 0.960 4.412 16.249 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 C8 UNK 0 1 -0.096 3.785 15.688 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 UNK 0 1 -0.891 2.748 16.260 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 UNK 0 1 -2.039 2.359 15.656 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 UNK 0 1 -2.995 1.432 16.171 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 UNK 0 1 -4.118 0.952 15.603 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 UNK 0 1 -4.579 1.155 14.210 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 UNK 0 1 -3.772 1.162 13.168 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 UNK 0 1 -4.144 1.290 11.748 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 O1 UNK 0 1 -3.417 1.200 10.832 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C16 UNK 0 1 -0.251 6.757 14.825 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 C17 UNK 0 1 3.537 5.722 17.465 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 C18 UNK 0 1 3.755 3.989 15.704 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 C19 UNK 0 1 -0.446 2.130 17.555 1.00 0.00
ATOM 21 C20 UNK 0 1 -6.097 1.275 14.125 1.00 0.00
ATOM 22 H1 UNK 0 1 4.961 6.299 15.236 1.00 0.00
ATOM 23 H2 UNK 0 1 4.033 6.074 13.960 1.00 0.00
ATOM 24 H3 UNK 0 1 3.361 8.099 16.086 1.00 0.00
ATOM 25 H4 UNK 0 1 4.112 8.346 14.368 1.00 0.00
ATOM 26 H5 UNK 0 1 1.613 8.609 14.846 1.00 0.00
ATOM 27 H6 UNK 0 1 2.096 8.271 13.429 1.00 0.00
ATOM 28 H7 UNK 0 1 1.167 4.027 17.220 1.00 0.00
ATOM 29 H8 UNK 0 1 -0.283 4.132 14.828 1.00 0.00
ATOM 30 H9 UNK 0 1 -2.166 2.700 14.811 1.00 0.00
ATOM 31 H10 UNK 0 1 -2.959 1.140 17.220 1.00 0.00
ATOM 32 H11 UNK 0 1 -4.766 0.337 16.175 1.00 0.00
ATOM 33 H12 UNK 0 1 -2.863 1.012 13.199 1.00 0.00
ATOM 34 H13 UNK 0 1 -5.051 1.500 11.604 1.00 0.00
ATOM 35 H14 UNK 0 1 -0.500 7.641 14.882 1.00 0.00
ATOM 36 H15 UNK 0 1 -0.354 6.404 13.677 1.00 0.00
ATOM 37 H16 UNK 0 1 -0.828 6.374 15.537 1.00 0.00
ATOM 38 H17 UNK 0 1 4.443 5.482 17.539 1.00 0.00
ATOM 39 H18 UNK 0 1 3.171 6.749 17.876 1.00 0.00
ATOM 40 H19 UNK 0 1 2.971 5.092 18.159 1.00 0.00
ATOM 41 H20 UNK 0 1 3.359 3.330 16.246 1.00 0.00
ATOM 42 H21 UNK 0 1 3.564 3.712 14.704 1.00 0.00
ATOM 43 H22 UNK 0 1 4.832 3.967 15.608 1.00 0.00
ATOM 44 H23 UNK 0 1 0.526 2.025 17.433 1.00 0.00
ATOM 45 H24 UNK 0 1 -0.489 2.700 18.230 1.00 0.00
ATOM 46 H25 UNK 0 1 -1.006 1.387 18.000 1.00 0.00
ATOM 47 H26 UNK 0 1 -6.646 0.300 14.793 1.00 0.00
ATOM 48 H27 UNK 0 1 -6.440 2.100 14.580 1.00 0.00
ATOM 49 H28 UNK 0 1 -6.271 1.320 13.269 1.00 0.00
CONECT 1 2 6 18 19
CONECT 2 1 3 22 23
CONECT 3 2 4 24 25
CONECT 4 3 5 26 27
CONECT 5 4 6 17
CONECT 6 1 5 7
CONECT 7 6 8 28
CONECT 8 7 9 29
CONECT 9 8 10 20
CONECT 10 9 11 30
CONECT 11 10 12 31
CONECT 12 11 13 32
CONECT 13 12 14 21
CONECT 14 13 15 33
CONECT 15 14 16 34
CONECT 16 15
CONECT 17 5 35 36 37
CONECT 18 1 38 39 40
CONECT 19 1 41 42 43
CONECT 20 9 44 45 46
CONECT 21 13 47 48 49
CONECT 22 2
CONECT 23 2
CONECT 24 3
CONECT 25 3
CONECT 26 4
CONECT 27 4
CONECT 28 7
CONECT 29 8
CONECT 30 10
CONECT 31 11
CONECT 32 12
CONECT 33 14
CONECT 34 15
CONECT 35 17
CONECT 36 17
CONECT 37 17
CONECT 38 18
CONECT 39 18
CONECT 40 18
CONECT 41 19
CONECT 42 19
CONECT 43 19
CONECT 44 20
CONECT 45 20
CONECT 46 20
CONECT 47 21
CONECT 48 21
CONECT 49 21
MASTER 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 49 0 49 0
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

Compound B 3D picture

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<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY TRETAL03
COMPND UNNAMED
AUTHOR GENERATED BY CONQUEST
CRYST1 14.956 8.277 15.291 90.00 104.92 90.00 P 21/n 4
ATOM 1 O1 UNK 0 1 9.309 3.852 9.139 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C1 UNK 0 1 -1.723 -0.739 4.047 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C2 UNK 0 1 -0.452 -1.316 3.444 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C3 UNK 0 1 -2.519 -1.832 4.761 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 C4 UNK 0 1 -2.460 -0.197 2.791 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C5 UNK 0 1 -3.484 0.764 3.073 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C6 UNK 0 1 -3.039 1.904 3.908 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 C7 UNK 0 1 -2.002 1.579 4.954 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C8 UNK 0 1 -1.767 2.692 5.929 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C9 UNK 0 1 -1.402 0.397 5.000 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C10 UNK 0 1 -0.360 0.092 6.017 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C11 UNK 0 1 0.764 0.756 6.175 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C12 UNK 0 1 1.826 0.493 7.151 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C13 UNK 0 1 1.604 -0.603 8.138 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C14 UNK 0 1 2.930 1.234 7.109 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C15 UNK 0 1 4.081 1.142 7.980 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C16 UNK 0 1 5.145 1.932 7.893 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 C17 UNK 0 1 6.289 1.962 8.796 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 C18 UNK 0 1 6.288 1.002 9.940 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 C19 UNK 0 1 7.263 2.851 8.564 1.00 0.00
ATOM 21 C20 UNK 0 1 8.452 3.036 9.396 1.00 0.00
CONECT 1 21
CONECT 2 3 4 5 10
CONECT 3 2
CONECT 4 2
CONECT 5 2 6
CONECT 6 5 7
CONECT 7 6 8
CONECT 8 7 9 10
CONECT 9 8
CONECT 10 2 8 11
CONECT 11 10 12
CONECT 12 11 13
CONECT 13 12 14 15
CONECT 14 13
CONECT 15 13 16
CONECT 16 15 17
CONECT 17 16 18
CONECT 18 17 19 20
CONECT 19 18
CONECT 20 18 21
CONECT 21 1 20
MASTER 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 21 0
END</inlineContents>
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</jmol>

==Synthesis of Rhodopsin==
[[Image:Synthesis_of_rhodopsin.gif]]

==Effects of Bunazosin on ocular circulation and retinal neuronal damage==

By applying bunazosin hydrochloride into a healthy humans, it increases the blood velocity in the optic nerve head(ONH),retina and choroid, without changing either heart rate and blood pressure dramaticallt. This drug was also applied to rabbits and rats, giving positive results. These shows that bunazosin hydrochloride have improvement effect both in the ocular circulation and a direct neuroprotective effct. Therefore, it may be useful to use bunazosin hydrochloride as a therapeutic drug against retinal diseases which is associated with the ocular circulation.

== References ==

*Beilstein Data: Copyright (c) 1988-2006, Beilstein institut zur Foerderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften licensed to Beilstein GmBH and MDL information systems GmbH

*1.Chang, Raymond (1998). Chemistry, 6th Ed.. New York: McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-07-115221-0.
*2. Feynman, Richard (1985). QED - The Strange Theory of Light and Matter. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691024170.
*3.Hara, Hideaki / Ichikawa, Masaki / Oku, Hidehiro / Shimazawa, Masamitsu / Araie, Makoto, Cardiovascular drug reviews, Apr 2005

It:Ferrocene

2006-10-27T11:22:52Z

Jtm05: /* References */

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C5H5)2.

== Structure ==

[[Image:Ferrocene.jpg]]

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<inlineContents>102-54-5
WLViewer 3D 0

11 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
8.7690 9.6516 -0.1910 Fe 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
9.4305 10.9070 0.9015 C 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
9.6682 11.2032 -0.8327 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
7.2426 10.7683 0.1163 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
7.8895 10.9970 -1.0578 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
9.5712 7.9079 -0.0581 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
8.7504 8.0104 -1.1574 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
7.6268 8.6166 0.8237 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
7.2628 8.5782 -0.9293 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
8.8478 8.2759 1.1499 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
8.1252 10.7293 1.2377 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
1 2 1 0 0 0
1 3 1 0 0 0
1 4 1 0 0 0
1 5 1 0 0 0
1 6 1 0 0 0
1 7 1 0 0 0
1 8 1 0 0 0
1 9 1 0 0 0
1 10 1 0 0 0
1 11 1 0 0 0
2 3 1 0 0 0
2 11 2 0 0 0
3 5 1 0 0 0
4 5 2 0 0 0
4 11 1 0 0 0
6 7 2 0 0 0
6 10 1 0 0 0
7 9 1 0 0 0
8 9 1 0 0 0
8 10 2 0 0 0
M END
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Above: 3D structure of ferrocene

Ferrocene is famous for its 'sandwich structure'. This is where the two cyclopentadiene molecules are situated above and below the iron centre, with the bonding occuring via the pi-electrons of the aromatic rings, which are shared with the central iron ion. This delocalised configuration of electrons is particularly stable. X-Ray diffraction in 1952 by Fisher showed that the cylopentadiene rings are staggered.

== History ==

Ernst Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) were awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1974 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene. This was for work done 20 years earlier starting in 1952(ref 2), after the compound had first been synthesised in December 1951 by T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (ref 3).

== Data ==

{| border="1"
|+ '''Physical data for Ferrocene'''
|-
! Boiling Point
|249 °C (522 K)||
|-
! Melting point
|174 –176°C (447–449 K)||
|-
! Density
|1,490 g/m3 (20 °C)||
|-
! Formula Weight
|186.04 amu||
|}
(ref 5)

=== IR Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlirspectrumferrocene.gif]]

Above: IR spectrum of ferrocene (ref 1)

=== Mass Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlmassspectrumferrocene.jpg]]

Above: mass spectrum of ferrocene (ref 4)

== Physical Properties ==

Ferrocene is an yellow-orange solid that stable in air. Ferrocene is soluble in organic solvents but is insoluble in water. Ferrocene will sublime in a vacuum

==References==

1. Data provided by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan)

2. Wilkinson and Woodward( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 2125)

3. T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (Nature, 15/12/51)

4. Spectral data provided by Wiley Subscription Services, Inc. (US)

5. "Hazardous Substances Data Bank" data are provided by the National Library of Medicine (US)

--[[User:Jtm05|Jtm05]] 12:14, 27 October 2006 (BST)

--[[User:Vl105|Vl105]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

It:Ferrocene

2006-10-27T11:22:38Z

Jtm05: /* Data */

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C5H5)2.

== Structure ==

[[Image:Ferrocene.jpg]]

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<inlineContents>102-54-5
WLViewer 3D 0

11 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
8.7690 9.6516 -0.1910 Fe 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
9.4305 10.9070 0.9015 C 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
9.6682 11.2032 -0.8327 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
7.2426 10.7683 0.1163 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
7.8895 10.9970 -1.0578 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
9.5712 7.9079 -0.0581 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
8.7504 8.0104 -1.1574 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
7.6268 8.6166 0.8237 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
7.2628 8.5782 -0.9293 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
8.8478 8.2759 1.1499 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
8.1252 10.7293 1.2377 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
1 2 1 0 0 0
1 3 1 0 0 0
1 4 1 0 0 0
1 5 1 0 0 0
1 6 1 0 0 0
1 7 1 0 0 0
1 8 1 0 0 0
1 9 1 0 0 0
1 10 1 0 0 0
1 11 1 0 0 0
2 3 1 0 0 0
2 11 2 0 0 0
3 5 1 0 0 0
4 5 2 0 0 0
4 11 1 0 0 0
6 7 2 0 0 0
6 10 1 0 0 0
7 9 1 0 0 0
8 9 1 0 0 0
8 10 2 0 0 0
M END
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Above: 3D structure of ferrocene

Ferrocene is famous for its 'sandwich structure'. This is where the two cyclopentadiene molecules are situated above and below the iron centre, with the bonding occuring via the pi-electrons of the aromatic rings, which are shared with the central iron ion. This delocalised configuration of electrons is particularly stable. X-Ray diffraction in 1952 by Fisher showed that the cylopentadiene rings are staggered.

== History ==

Ernst Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) were awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1974 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene. This was for work done 20 years earlier starting in 1952(ref 2), after the compound had first been synthesised in December 1951 by T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (ref 3).

== Data ==

{| border="1"
|+ '''Physical data for Ferrocene'''
|-
! Boiling Point
|249 °C (522 K)||
|-
! Melting point
|174 –176°C (447–449 K)||
|-
! Density
|1,490 g/m3 (20 °C)||
|-
! Formula Weight
|186.04 amu||
|}
(ref 5)

=== IR Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlirspectrumferrocene.gif]]

Above: IR spectrum of ferrocene (ref 1)

=== Mass Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlmassspectrumferrocene.jpg]]

Above: mass spectrum of ferrocene (ref 4)

== Physical Properties ==

Ferrocene is an yellow-orange solid that stable in air. Ferrocene is soluble in organic solvents but is insoluble in water. Ferrocene will sublime in a vacuum

==References==

1. Data provided by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan)
2. Wilkinson and Woodward( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 2125)
3. T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (Nature, 15/12/51)
4. Spectral data provided by Wiley Subscription Services, Inc. (US)
5. "Hazardous Substances Data Bank" data are provided by the National Library of Medicine (US)

--[[User:Jtm05|Jtm05]] 12:14, 27 October 2006 (BST)

--[[User:Vl105|Vl105]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

It:Ferrocene

2006-10-27T11:22:21Z

Jtm05: /* References */

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C5H5)2.

== Structure ==

[[Image:Ferrocene.jpg]]

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>400</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>102-54-5
WLViewer 3D 0

11 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
8.7690 9.6516 -0.1910 Fe 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
9.4305 10.9070 0.9015 C 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
9.6682 11.2032 -0.8327 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
7.2426 10.7683 0.1163 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
7.8895 10.9970 -1.0578 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
9.5712 7.9079 -0.0581 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
8.7504 8.0104 -1.1574 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
7.6268 8.6166 0.8237 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
7.2628 8.5782 -0.9293 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
8.8478 8.2759 1.1499 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
8.1252 10.7293 1.2377 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
1 2 1 0 0 0
1 3 1 0 0 0
1 4 1 0 0 0
1 5 1 0 0 0
1 6 1 0 0 0
1 7 1 0 0 0
1 8 1 0 0 0
1 9 1 0 0 0
1 10 1 0 0 0
1 11 1 0 0 0
2 3 1 0 0 0
2 11 2 0 0 0
3 5 1 0 0 0
4 5 2 0 0 0
4 11 1 0 0 0
6 7 2 0 0 0
6 10 1 0 0 0
7 9 1 0 0 0
8 9 1 0 0 0
8 10 2 0 0 0
M END
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

Above: 3D structure of ferrocene

Ferrocene is famous for its 'sandwich structure'. This is where the two cyclopentadiene molecules are situated above and below the iron centre, with the bonding occuring via the pi-electrons of the aromatic rings, which are shared with the central iron ion. This delocalised configuration of electrons is particularly stable. X-Ray diffraction in 1952 by Fisher showed that the cylopentadiene rings are staggered.

== History ==

Ernst Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) were awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1974 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene. This was for work done 20 years earlier starting in 1952(ref 2), after the compound had first been synthesised in December 1951 by T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (ref 3).

== Data ==

{| border="1"
|+ '''Physical data for Ferrocene'''
|-
! Boiling Point
|249 °C (522 K)||
|-
! Melting point
|174 –176°C (447–449 K)||
|-
! Density
|1,490 g/m3 (20 °C)||
|-
! Formula Weight
|186.04 amu||
|}

=== IR Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlirspectrumferrocene.gif]]

Above: IR spectrum of ferrocene (ref 1)

=== Mass Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlmassspectrumferrocene.jpg]]

Above: mass spectrum of ferrocene (ref 4)

== Physical Properties ==

Ferrocene is an yellow-orange solid that stable in air. Ferrocene is soluble in organic solvents but is insoluble in water. Ferrocene will sublime in a vacuum

==References==

1. Data provided by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan)
2. Wilkinson and Woodward( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 2125)
3. T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (Nature, 15/12/51)
4. Spectral data provided by Wiley Subscription Services, Inc. (US)
5. "Hazardous Substances Data Bank" data are provided by the National Library of Medicine (US)

--[[User:Jtm05|Jtm05]] 12:14, 27 October 2006 (BST)

--[[User:Vl105|Vl105]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

It:Ferrocene

2006-10-27T11:18:00Z

Jtm05: /* Physical Properties */

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C5H5)2.

== Structure ==

[[Image:Ferrocene.jpg]]

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>400</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>102-54-5
WLViewer 3D 0

11 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
8.7690 9.6516 -0.1910 Fe 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
9.4305 10.9070 0.9015 C 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
9.6682 11.2032 -0.8327 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
7.2426 10.7683 0.1163 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
7.8895 10.9970 -1.0578 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
9.5712 7.9079 -0.0581 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
8.7504 8.0104 -1.1574 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
7.6268 8.6166 0.8237 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
7.2628 8.5782 -0.9293 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
8.8478 8.2759 1.1499 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
8.1252 10.7293 1.2377 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
1 2 1 0 0 0
1 3 1 0 0 0
1 4 1 0 0 0
1 5 1 0 0 0
1 6 1 0 0 0
1 7 1 0 0 0
1 8 1 0 0 0
1 9 1 0 0 0
1 10 1 0 0 0
1 11 1 0 0 0
2 3 1 0 0 0
2 11 2 0 0 0
3 5 1 0 0 0
4 5 2 0 0 0
4 11 1 0 0 0
6 7 2 0 0 0
6 10 1 0 0 0
7 9 1 0 0 0
8 9 1 0 0 0
8 10 2 0 0 0
M END
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

Above: 3D structure of ferrocene

Ferrocene is famous for its 'sandwich structure'. This is where the two cyclopentadiene molecules are situated above and below the iron centre, with the bonding occuring via the pi-electrons of the aromatic rings, which are shared with the central iron ion. This delocalised configuration of electrons is particularly stable. X-Ray diffraction in 1952 by Fisher showed that the cylopentadiene rings are staggered.

== History ==

Ernst Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) were awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1974 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene. This was for work done 20 years earlier starting in 1952(ref 2), after the compound had first been synthesised in December 1951 by T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (ref 3).

== Data ==

{| border="1"
|+ '''Physical data for Ferrocene'''
|-
! Boiling Point
|249 °C (522 K)||
|-
! Melting point
|174 –176°C (447–449 K)||
|-
! Density
|1,490 g/m3 (20 °C)||
|-
! Formula Weight
|186.04 amu||
|}

=== IR Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlirspectrumferrocene.gif]]

Above: IR spectrum of ferrocene (ref 1)

== Physical Properties ==

Ferrocene is an yellow-orange solid that stable in air. Ferrocene is soluble in organic solvents but is insoluble in water. Ferrocene will sublime in a vacuum

==References==

1. Data provided by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan)

2.Wilkinson and Woodward( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 2125)

3. T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (Nature, 15/12/51)

--[[User:Jtm05|Jtm05]] 12:14, 27 October 2006 (BST)

--[[User:Vl105|Vl105]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

It:Ferrocene

2006-10-27T11:17:48Z

Jtm05: /* Data */

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C5H5)2.

== Structure ==

[[Image:Ferrocene.jpg]]

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>400</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>102-54-5
WLViewer 3D 0

11 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
8.7690 9.6516 -0.1910 Fe 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
9.4305 10.9070 0.9015 C 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
9.6682 11.2032 -0.8327 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
7.2426 10.7683 0.1163 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
7.8895 10.9970 -1.0578 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
9.5712 7.9079 -0.0581 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
8.7504 8.0104 -1.1574 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
7.6268 8.6166 0.8237 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
7.2628 8.5782 -0.9293 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
8.8478 8.2759 1.1499 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
8.1252 10.7293 1.2377 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
1 2 1 0 0 0
1 3 1 0 0 0
1 4 1 0 0 0
1 5 1 0 0 0
1 6 1 0 0 0
1 7 1 0 0 0
1 8 1 0 0 0
1 9 1 0 0 0
1 10 1 0 0 0
1 11 1 0 0 0
2 3 1 0 0 0
2 11 2 0 0 0
3 5 1 0 0 0
4 5 2 0 0 0
4 11 1 0 0 0
6 7 2 0 0 0
6 10 1 0 0 0
7 9 1 0 0 0
8 9 1 0 0 0
8 10 2 0 0 0
M END
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

Above: 3D structure of ferrocene

Ferrocene is famous for its 'sandwich structure'. This is where the two cyclopentadiene molecules are situated above and below the iron centre, with the bonding occuring via the pi-electrons of the aromatic rings, which are shared with the central iron ion. This delocalised configuration of electrons is particularly stable. X-Ray diffraction in 1952 by Fisher showed that the cylopentadiene rings are staggered.

== History ==

Ernst Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) were awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1974 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene. This was for work done 20 years earlier starting in 1952(ref 2), after the compound had first been synthesised in December 1951 by T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (ref 3).

== Data ==

{| border="1"
|+ '''Physical data for Ferrocene'''
|-
! Boiling Point
|249 °C (522 K)||
|-
! Melting point
|174 –176°C (447–449 K)||
|-
! Density
|1,490 g/m3 (20 °C)||
|-
! Formula Weight
|186.04 amu||
|}

=== IR Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlirspectrumferrocene.gif]]

Above: IR spectrum of ferrocene (ref 1)

== Physical Properties ==

Ferrocene is an orange solid that stable in air. Ferrocene is soluble in organic solvents but is insoluble in water. Ferrocene will sublime in a vacuum

==References==

1. Data provided by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan)

2.Wilkinson and Woodward( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 2125)

3. T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (Nature, 15/12/51)

--[[User:Jtm05|Jtm05]] 12:14, 27 October 2006 (BST)

--[[User:Vl105|Vl105]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

It:Ferrocene

2006-10-27T11:14:24Z

Jtm05: /* References */ added refs. altered timestamp

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C5H5)2.

== Structure ==

[[Image:Ferrocene.jpg]]

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>400</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>102-54-5
WLViewer 3D 0

11 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
8.7690 9.6516 -0.1910 Fe 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
9.4305 10.9070 0.9015 C 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
9.6682 11.2032 -0.8327 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
7.2426 10.7683 0.1163 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
7.8895 10.9970 -1.0578 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
9.5712 7.9079 -0.0581 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
8.7504 8.0104 -1.1574 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
7.6268 8.6166 0.8237 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
7.2628 8.5782 -0.9293 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
8.8478 8.2759 1.1499 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
8.1252 10.7293 1.2377 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
1 2 1 0 0 0
1 3 1 0 0 0
1 4 1 0 0 0
1 5 1 0 0 0
1 6 1 0 0 0
1 7 1 0 0 0
1 8 1 0 0 0
1 9 1 0 0 0
1 10 1 0 0 0
1 11 1 0 0 0
2 3 1 0 0 0
2 11 2 0 0 0
3 5 1 0 0 0
4 5 2 0 0 0
4 11 1 0 0 0
6 7 2 0 0 0
6 10 1 0 0 0
7 9 1 0 0 0
8 9 1 0 0 0
8 10 2 0 0 0
M END
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

Above: 3D structure of ferrocene

Ferrocene is famous for its 'sandwich structure'. This is where the two cyclopentadiene molecules are situated above and below the iron centre, with the bonding occuring via the pi-electrons of the aromatic rings, which are shared with the central iron ion. This delocalised configuration of electrons is particularly stable. X-Ray diffraction in 1952 by Fisher showed that the cylopentadiene rings are staggered.

== History ==

Ernst Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) were awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1974 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene. This was for work done 20 years earlier starting in 1952(ref 2), after the compound had first been synthesised in December 1951 by T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (ref 3).

== Data ==

{| border="1"
|+ '''Physical data for Ferrocene'''
|-
! Boiling Point
|249 °C (522 K)||
|-
! Melting point
|174 –176°C (447–449 K)||
|}

=== IR Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlirspectrumferrocene.gif]]

Above: IR spectrum of ferrocene (ref 1)

== Physical Properties ==

Ferrocene is an orange solid that stable in air. Ferrocene is soluble in organic solvents but is insoluble in water. Ferrocene will sublime in a vacuum

==References==

1. Data provided by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan)

2.Wilkinson and Woodward( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 2125)

3. T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (Nature, 15/12/51)

--[[User:Jtm05|Jtm05]] 12:14, 27 October 2006 (BST)

--[[User:Vl105|Vl105]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

It:Ferrocene

2006-10-27T11:13:14Z

Jtm05: /* History */

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C5H5)2.

== Structure ==

[[Image:Ferrocene.jpg]]

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>400</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>102-54-5
WLViewer 3D 0

11 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
8.7690 9.6516 -0.1910 Fe 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
9.4305 10.9070 0.9015 C 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
9.6682 11.2032 -0.8327 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
7.2426 10.7683 0.1163 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
7.8895 10.9970 -1.0578 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
9.5712 7.9079 -0.0581 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
8.7504 8.0104 -1.1574 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
7.6268 8.6166 0.8237 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
7.2628 8.5782 -0.9293 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
8.8478 8.2759 1.1499 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
8.1252 10.7293 1.2377 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
1 2 1 0 0 0
1 3 1 0 0 0
1 4 1 0 0 0
1 5 1 0 0 0
1 6 1 0 0 0
1 7 1 0 0 0
1 8 1 0 0 0
1 9 1 0 0 0
1 10 1 0 0 0
1 11 1 0 0 0
2 3 1 0 0 0
2 11 2 0 0 0
3 5 1 0 0 0
4 5 2 0 0 0
4 11 1 0 0 0
6 7 2 0 0 0
6 10 1 0 0 0
7 9 1 0 0 0
8 9 1 0 0 0
8 10 2 0 0 0
M END
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

Above: 3D structure of ferrocene

Ferrocene is famous for its 'sandwich structure'. This is where the two cyclopentadiene molecules are situated above and below the iron centre, with the bonding occuring via the pi-electrons of the aromatic rings, which are shared with the central iron ion. This delocalised configuration of electrons is particularly stable. X-Ray diffraction in 1952 by Fisher showed that the cylopentadiene rings are staggered.

== History ==

Ernst Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) were awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1974 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene. This was for work done 20 years earlier starting in 1952(ref 2), after the compound had first been synthesised in December 1951 by T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson (ref 3).

== Data ==

{| border="1"
|+ '''Physical data for Ferrocene'''
|-
! Boiling Point
|249 °C (522 K)||
|-
! Melting point
|174 –176°C (447–449 K)||
|}

=== IR Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlirspectrumferrocene.gif]]

Above: IR spectrum of ferrocene (ref 1)

== Physical Properties ==

Ferrocene is an orange solid that stable in air. Ferrocene is soluble in organic solvents but is insoluble in water. Ferrocene will sublime in a vacuum

==References==

1. Data provided by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan)

2.( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 2125)

--[[User:Jtm05|Jtm05]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

--[[User:Vl105|Vl105]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

It:Ferrocene

2006-10-27T11:12:45Z

Jtm05: /* History */

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C5H5)2.

== Structure ==

[[Image:Ferrocene.jpg]]

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>400</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>102-54-5
WLViewer 3D 0

11 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
8.7690 9.6516 -0.1910 Fe 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
9.4305 10.9070 0.9015 C 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
9.6682 11.2032 -0.8327 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
7.2426 10.7683 0.1163 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
7.8895 10.9970 -1.0578 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
9.5712 7.9079 -0.0581 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
8.7504 8.0104 -1.1574 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
7.6268 8.6166 0.8237 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
7.2628 8.5782 -0.9293 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
8.8478 8.2759 1.1499 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
8.1252 10.7293 1.2377 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
1 2 1 0 0 0
1 3 1 0 0 0
1 4 1 0 0 0
1 5 1 0 0 0
1 6 1 0 0 0
1 7 1 0 0 0
1 8 1 0 0 0
1 9 1 0 0 0
1 10 1 0 0 0
1 11 1 0 0 0
2 3 1 0 0 0
2 11 2 0 0 0
3 5 1 0 0 0
4 5 2 0 0 0
4 11 1 0 0 0
6 7 2 0 0 0
6 10 1 0 0 0
7 9 1 0 0 0
8 9 1 0 0 0
8 10 2 0 0 0
M END
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

Above: 3D structure of ferrocene

Ferrocene is famous for its 'sandwich structure'. This is where the two cyclopentadiene molecules are situated above and below the iron centre, with the bonding occuring via the pi-electrons of the aromatic rings, which are shared with the central iron ion. This delocalised configuration of electrons is particularly stable. X-Ray diffraction in 1952 by Fisher showed that the cylopentadiene rings are staggered.

== History ==

Ernst Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) were awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1974 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene. This was for work done 20 years earlier starting in 1952(ref 2), after the compound had first been synthesised in December 1951 by T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson.

== Data ==

{| border="1"
|+ '''Physical data for Ferrocene'''
|-
! Boiling Point
|249 °C (522 K)||
|-
! Melting point
|174 –176°C (447–449 K)||
|}

=== IR Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlirspectrumferrocene.gif]]

Above: IR spectrum of ferrocene (ref 1)

== Physical Properties ==

Ferrocene is an orange solid that stable in air. Ferrocene is soluble in organic solvents but is insoluble in water. Ferrocene will sublime in a vacuum

==References==

1. Data provided by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan)

2.( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 2125)

--[[User:Jtm05|Jtm05]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

--[[User:Vl105|Vl105]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

It:Ferrocene

2006-10-27T11:12:10Z

Jtm05: /* References */

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C5H5)2.

== Structure ==

[[Image:Ferrocene.jpg]]

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>400</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>102-54-5
WLViewer 3D 0

11 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
8.7690 9.6516 -0.1910 Fe 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
9.4305 10.9070 0.9015 C 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
9.6682 11.2032 -0.8327 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
7.2426 10.7683 0.1163 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
7.8895 10.9970 -1.0578 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
9.5712 7.9079 -0.0581 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
8.7504 8.0104 -1.1574 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
7.6268 8.6166 0.8237 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
7.2628 8.5782 -0.9293 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
8.8478 8.2759 1.1499 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
8.1252 10.7293 1.2377 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
1 2 1 0 0 0
1 3 1 0 0 0
1 4 1 0 0 0
1 5 1 0 0 0
1 6 1 0 0 0
1 7 1 0 0 0
1 8 1 0 0 0
1 9 1 0 0 0
1 10 1 0 0 0
1 11 1 0 0 0
2 3 1 0 0 0
2 11 2 0 0 0
3 5 1 0 0 0
4 5 2 0 0 0
4 11 1 0 0 0
6 7 2 0 0 0
6 10 1 0 0 0
7 9 1 0 0 0
8 9 1 0 0 0
8 10 2 0 0 0
M END
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

Above: 3D structure of ferrocene

Ferrocene is famous for its 'sandwich structure'. This is where the two cyclopentadiene molecules are situated above and below the iron centre, with the bonding occuring via the pi-electrons of the aromatic rings, which are shared with the central iron ion. This delocalised configuration of electrons is particularly stable. X-Ray diffraction in 1952 by Fisher showed that the cylopentadiene rings are staggered.

== History ==

Ernst Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) were awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1974 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene. This was for work done 20 years earlier starting in 1952, after the compound had first been synthesised in December 1951 by T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson.

== Data ==

{| border="1"
|+ '''Physical data for Ferrocene'''
|-
! Boiling Point
|249 °C (522 K)||
|-
! Melting point
|174 –176°C (447–449 K)||
|}

=== IR Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlirspectrumferrocene.gif]]

Above: IR spectrum of ferrocene (ref 1)

== Physical Properties ==

Ferrocene is an orange solid that stable in air. Ferrocene is soluble in organic solvents but is insoluble in water. Ferrocene will sublime in a vacuum

==References==

1. Data provided by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan)

2.( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 2125)

--[[User:Jtm05|Jtm05]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

--[[User:Vl105|Vl105]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

It:Ferrocene

2006-10-27T11:09:57Z

Jtm05: /* Data */ added data table - basic

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C5H5)2.

== Structure ==

[[Image:Ferrocene.jpg]]

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
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<inlineContents>102-54-5
WLViewer 3D 0

11 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
8.7690 9.6516 -0.1910 Fe 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
9.4305 10.9070 0.9015 C 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
9.6682 11.2032 -0.8327 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
7.2426 10.7683 0.1163 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
7.8895 10.9970 -1.0578 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
9.5712 7.9079 -0.0581 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
8.7504 8.0104 -1.1574 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
7.6268 8.6166 0.8237 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
7.2628 8.5782 -0.9293 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
8.8478 8.2759 1.1499 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
8.1252 10.7293 1.2377 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
1 2 1 0 0 0
1 3 1 0 0 0
1 4 1 0 0 0
1 5 1 0 0 0
1 6 1 0 0 0
1 7 1 0 0 0
1 8 1 0 0 0
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3 5 1 0 0 0
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6 10 1 0 0 0
7 9 1 0 0 0
8 9 1 0 0 0
8 10 2 0 0 0
M END
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</jmol>

Above: 3D structure of ferrocene

Ferrocene is famous for its 'sandwich structure'. This is where the two cyclopentadiene molecules are situated above and below the iron centre, with the bonding occuring via the pi-electrons of the aromatic rings, which are shared with the central iron ion. This delocalised configuration of electrons is particularly stable. X-Ray diffraction in 1952 by Fisher showed that the cylopentadiene rings are staggered.

== History ==

Ernst Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) were awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1974 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene. This was for work done 20 years earlier starting in 1952, after the compound had first been synthesised in December 1951 by T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson.

== Data ==

{| border="1"
|+ '''Physical data for Ferrocene'''
|-
! Boiling Point
|249 °C (522 K)||
|-
! Melting point
|174 –176°C (447–449 K)||
|}

=== IR Spectrum ===
[[Image:vlirspectrumferrocene.gif]]

Above: IR spectrum of ferrocene (ref 1)

== Physical Properties ==

Ferrocene is an orange solid that stable in air. Ferrocene is soluble in organic solvents but is insoluble in water. Ferrocene will sublime in a vacuum

==References==

1. Data provided by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (Japan)

--[[User:Jtm05|Jtm05]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

--[[User:Vl105|Vl105]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

It:Ferrocene

2006-10-27T10:57:53Z

Jtm05: added physical properties

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C5H5)2.

== Structure ==

[[Image:Ferrocene.jpg]]

<jmol>
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WLViewer 3D 0

11 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
8.7690 9.6516 -0.1910 Fe 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
9.4305 10.9070 0.9015 C 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
9.6682 11.2032 -0.8327 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
7.2426 10.7683 0.1163 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
7.8895 10.9970 -1.0578 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
9.5712 7.9079 -0.0581 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
8.7504 8.0104 -1.1574 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
7.6268 8.6166 0.8237 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
7.2628 8.5782 -0.9293 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
8.8478 8.2759 1.1499 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
8.1252 10.7293 1.2377 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
1 2 1 0 0 0
1 3 1 0 0 0
1 4 1 0 0 0
1 5 1 0 0 0
1 6 1 0 0 0
1 7 1 0 0 0
1 8 1 0 0 0
1 9 1 0 0 0
1 10 1 0 0 0
1 11 1 0 0 0
2 3 1 0 0 0
2 11 2 0 0 0
3 5 1 0 0 0
4 5 2 0 0 0
4 11 1 0 0 0
6 7 2 0 0 0
6 10 1 0 0 0
7 9 1 0 0 0
8 9 1 0 0 0
8 10 2 0 0 0
M END
</inlineContents>
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</jmol>

Above: 3D structure of ferrocene

Ferrocene is famous for its 'sandwich structure'. This is where the two cyclopentadiene molecules are situated above and below the iron centre, with the bonding occuring via the pi-electrons of the aromatic rings, which are shared with the central iron ion. This delocalised configuration of electrons is particularly stable. X-Ray diffraction in 1952 by Fisher showed that the cylopentadiene rings are staggered.

== History ==

Ernst Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) were awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1974 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene. This was for work done 20 years earlier starting in 1952, after the compound had first been synthesised in December 1951 by T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson.

== Data ==

== Physical Properties ==

Ferrocene is an orange solid that stable in air. Ferrocene is soluble in organic solvents but is insoluble in water. Ferrocene will sublime in a vacuum

--[[User:Jtm05|Jtm05]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

--[[User:Vl105|Vl105]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

It:Ferrocene

2006-10-27T10:50:02Z

Jtm05:

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C5H5)2.

== Structure ==

[[Image:Ferrocene.jpg]]

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>400</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>102-54-5
WLViewer 3D 0

11 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
8.7690 9.6516 -0.1910 Fe 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
9.4305 10.9070 0.9015 C 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
9.6682 11.2032 -0.8327 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
7.2426 10.7683 0.1163 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
7.8895 10.9970 -1.0578 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
9.5712 7.9079 -0.0581 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
8.7504 8.0104 -1.1574 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
7.6268 8.6166 0.8237 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
7.2628 8.5782 -0.9293 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
8.8478 8.2759 1.1499 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
8.1252 10.7293 1.2377 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
1 2 1 0 0 0
1 3 1 0 0 0
1 4 1 0 0 0
1 5 1 0 0 0
1 6 1 0 0 0
1 7 1 0 0 0
1 8 1 0 0 0
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1 11 1 0 0 0
2 3 1 0 0 0
2 11 2 0 0 0
3 5 1 0 0 0
4 5 2 0 0 0
4 11 1 0 0 0
6 7 2 0 0 0
6 10 1 0 0 0
7 9 1 0 0 0
8 9 1 0 0 0
8 10 2 0 0 0
M END
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

Ferrocene is famous for its 'sandwich structure'. This is where the two cyclopentadiene molecules are situated above and below the iron centre, with the bonding occuring via the pi-electrons of the aromatic rings, which are shared with the central iron ion. This delocalised configuration of electrons is particularly stable. X-Ray diffraction in 1952 by Fisher showed that the cylopentadiene rings are staggered.

== History ==

Ernst Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) were awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1974 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene. This was for work done 20 years earlier starting in 1952, after the compound had first been synthesised in December 1951 by T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson.

--[[User:Jtm05|Jtm05]] 11:50, 27 October 2006 (BST)

It:Ferrocene

2006-10-27T10:46:13Z

Jtm05: /* History */ added text

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C5H5)2.

== Structure ==

[[Image:Ferrocene.jpg]]

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>400</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>102-54-5
WLViewer 3D 0

11 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
8.7690 9.6516 -0.1910 Fe 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
9.4305 10.9070 0.9015 C 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
9.6682 11.2032 -0.8327 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
7.2426 10.7683 0.1163 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
7.8895 10.9970 -1.0578 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
9.5712 7.9079 -0.0581 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6
8.7504 8.0104 -1.1574 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
7.6268 8.6166 0.8237 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
7.2628 8.5782 -0.9293 C 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9
8.8478 8.2759 1.1499 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10
8.1252 10.7293 1.2377 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11
1 2 1 0 0 0
1 3 1 0 0 0
1 4 1 0 0 0
1 5 1 0 0 0
1 6 1 0 0 0
1 7 1 0 0 0
1 8 1 0 0 0
1 9 1 0 0 0
1 10 1 0 0 0
1 11 1 0 0 0
2 3 1 0 0 0
2 11 2 0 0 0
3 5 1 0 0 0
4 5 2 0 0 0
4 11 1 0 0 0
6 7 2 0 0 0
6 10 1 0 0 0
7 9 1 0 0 0
8 9 1 0 0 0
8 10 2 0 0 0
M END
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

Ferrocene is famous for its 'sandwich structure'. This is where the two cyclopentadiene molecules are situated above and below the iron centre, with the bonding occuring via the pi-electrons of the aromatic rings, which are shared with the central iron ion. This delocalised configuration of electrons is particularly stable. X-Ray diffraction in 1952 by Fisher showed that the cylopentadiene rings are staggered.

== History ==

Ernst Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) were awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry in 1974 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene. This was for work done 20 years earlier starting in 1952, after the compound had first been synthesised in December 1951 by T.J. Kealy and P.L. Pauson.

It:Ferrocene

2006-10-27T10:40:37Z

Jtm05: added ferrocene image to structure

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C5H5)2.

== Structure ==

[[Image:Ferrocene.jpg]]

Ferrocene is famous for its 'sandwich structure'. This is where the two cyclopentadiene molecules are situated above and below the iron centre, with the bonding occuring via the pi-electrons of the aromatic rings, which are shared with the central iron ion. This delocalised configuration of electrons is particularly stable. X-Ray diffraction in 1952 by Fisher showed that the cylopentadiene rings are staggered.

== History ==

Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) was awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry for 1973 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene.

File:Ferrocene.jpg

2006-10-27T10:39:39Z

Jtm05: 2D image of Ferrocene structure.

2D image of Ferrocene structure.

It:Ferrocene

2006-10-27T10:37:14Z

Jtm05: added structure text

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C5H5)2.

== Structure ==

Ferrocene is famous for its 'sandwich structure'. This is where the two cyclopentadiene molecules are situated above and below the iron centre, with the bonding occuring via the pi-electrons of the aromatic rings, which are shared with the central iron ion. This delocalised configuration of electrons is particularly stable. X-Ray diffraction in 1952 by Fisher showed that the cylopentadiene rings are staggered.

== History ==

Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) was awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry for 1973 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene.

It:Ferrocene

2006-10-27T10:19:44Z

Jtm05:

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C5H5)2.

== Structure ==

== History ==

Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) was awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry for 1973 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene.

It:Ferrocene

2006-10-27T10:19:05Z

Jtm05: Adding text - history

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds. The name is because the central metal atom is bound between two cyclopentadienyl rings like the filling of a sandwich. The chemical formula of this compound is Fe(C5H5)2.

== History ==

Geoffrey Wilkinson (Inorganic Chemist at Imperial College, London) was awarded the Nobel prize for Chemistry for 1973 for his work in determining the structure of ferrocene.

It:Ferrocene

2006-10-27T10:12:07Z

Jtm05: Adding text

It:Ferrocene

2006-10-27T10:10:17Z

Jtm05:

Ferrocene is an organomettalic compound of a type known as sandwich compounds.

It:projects

2006-10-27T10:08:15Z

Jtm05: /* Supplemental Project Page */ added new project - ferrocene

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| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |13
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:h3nbh3|Ammonia-borane: H<sub>3</sub>N-BH<sub>3</sub> (Hydrogen storage molecule?)]]
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| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |14
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Methoxsalen|Methoxsalen (Treatment of psoriasis)]]
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| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |20
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[[Template:Chem-Data]]

It:Retinal

2006-10-23T14:23:54Z

Jtm05: /* Structure of all-trans retinal */ changed spacing

'''Retinal''' (aka: retinaldehyde or retinene<sub>1</sub>) is the most important molecule associated with vision. Retinal changes structure when it is exposed to light, essentially transferring the energy from the light it absorbs to an electrical impulse in the retina of the eye, which is then passed along the optic nerve to the central nervous system to be processed. All vision systems operate in this manner, so Retinal is resposible for all vision. Retinal is a retinine molecule that exists as two different isomers - 11-cis retinal and all-trans retinal.
__toc__
== Structure of Cis-Retinal ==

{| class="toccolours" border="0" style="fix: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
| align="center" bgcolor="lt blue"|'''2D Structure'''
| align="center" bgcolor="lt blue"|'''3D Structure'''
|-
| [[image:Cis-RetinalSo.gif]]
|<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>400</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 100; bns on;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER NONAME 20-Oct-06 NONE 1
HEADER NONAME 23-Oct-06 NONE 1
TITLE NONE 2
AUTHOR WWW daemon apache NONE 3
REVDAT 1 23-Oct-06 0 NONE 4
ATOM 1 O 0 -4.284 3.090 -0.370 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 2 C 0 -4.565 2.093 0.267 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 3 H 0 -5.014 2.185 1.244 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 4 C 0 -4.301 0.826 -0.264 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 5 H 0 -3.848 0.734 -1.240 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 6 C 0 -4.620 -0.304 0.458 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 7 C 0 -5.252 -0.175 1.820 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 8 H 0 -5.510 -1.165 2.196 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 9 H 0 -4.549 0.302 2.503 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 10 H 0 -6.155 0.431 1.745 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 11 C 0 -4.356 -1.571 -0.074 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 12 H 0 -5.156 -2.288 -0.184 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 13 C 0 -3.075 -1.905 -0.455 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 14 H 0 -2.888 -2.841 -0.961 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 15 C 0 -2.013 -1.030 -0.187 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 16 H 0 -2.209 -0.062 0.250 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 17 C 0 -0.732 -1.401 -0.480 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 18 C 0 -0.460 -2.751 -1.091 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 19 H 0 0.617 -2.905 -1.166 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 20 H 0 -0.895 -3.529 -0.463 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 21 H 0 -0.903 -2.796 -2.086 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 22 C 0 0.332 -0.523 -0.212 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 23 H 0 0.148 0.407 0.306 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 24 C 0 1.593 -0.845 -0.603 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 25 H 0 1.769 -1.745 -1.174 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 26 C 0 2.679 0.001 -0.262 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 27 C 0 2.629 1.266 -0.646 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 28 C 0 1.416 1.729 -1.413 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 29 H 0 0.676 2.124 -0.718 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 30 H 0 1.708 2.509 -2.116 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 31 H 0 0.989 0.888 -1.959 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 32 C 0 3.711 2.266 -0.361 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 33 H 0 4.301 2.427 -1.263 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 34 H 0 3.259 3.209 -0.052 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 35 C 0 4.621 1.753 0.756 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 36 H 0 4.080 1.760 1.702 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 37 H 0 5.501 2.391 0.833 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 38 C 0 5.048 0.319 0.417 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 39 H 0 5.449 0.286 -0.595 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 40 H 0 5.809 -0.013 1.124 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 41 C 0 3.817 -0.587 0.519 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 42 C 0 3.414 -0.733 1.988 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 43 H 0 3.178 0.249 2.399 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 44 H 0 2.538 -1.377 2.062 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 45 H 0 4.238 -1.173 2.549 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 46 C 0 4.155 -1.967 -0.050 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 47 H 0 4.922 -2.436 0.566 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 48 H 0 3.260 -2.589 -0.051 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 49 H 0 4.524 -1.859 -1.070 0.00 0.00 H+0
CONECT 1 2 0 0 0 NONE 54
CONECT 2 1 3 4 0 NONE 55
CONECT 4 2 5 6 0 NONE 56
CONECT 6 4 7 11 0 NONE 57
CONECT 7 6 8 9 10 NONE 58
CONECT 11 6 12 13 0 NONE 59
CONECT 13 11 14 15 0 NONE 60
CONECT 15 13 16 17 0 NONE 61
CONECT 17 15 18 22 0 NONE 62
CONECT 18 17 19 20 21 NONE 63
CONECT 22 17 23 24 0 NONE 64
CONECT 24 22 25 26 0 NONE 65
CONECT 26 24 41 27 0 NONE 66
CONECT 27 26 28 32 0 NONE 67
CONECT 28 27 29 30 31 NONE 68
CONECT 32 27 33 34 35 NONE 69
CONECT 35 32 36 37 38 NONE 70
CONECT 38 35 39 40 41 NONE 71
CONECT 41 38 26 42 46 NONE 72
CONECT 42 41 43 44 45 NONE 73
CONECT 46 41 47 48 49 NONE 74
END NONE 75
NONE 70
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|}

== Properties of Cis-Retinal ==

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="fix : right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="lt blue"|'''General properties'''
|-
| Chemical name
| align="center"|(11Z)-retinal
|-
| Chemical formula
| align="center"|C<sub>20</sub>H<sub>28</sub>O
|-
| Molecular mass
| align="center"|284 g/mol
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="white" |'''Physical properties'''
|-
| Melting point
| align="center"|... °C
|-
| Boiling point
| align="center"|... °C
|-
| Appearance
| align="center"|...
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="white" |'''Miscelleneous'''
|-
| SMILES
| align="center"|CC1(C)C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C(C)=C\C=O)=C(C)CCC1
|-
|}

==Structure of all-trans retinal==
'''2D Structure'''

[[Image:AllTransRetinal.gif]]

==Properties of all-trans retinal==

==How is Retinal affected by the absorption of light?==

The absorption of light causes the pi-bond to break allowing the molecule to rotate. This allows the retinal molecule to change shape. The new shape of the molecule affects the shape of the protein to which the retinal molecule is attached to. This process occurs via a signal that passes along the optic nerve.

[[Image:RetinalConversion.png]]

== References ==

*Beilstein Data: Copyright (c) 1988-2006, Beilstein institut zur Foerderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften licensed to Beilstein GmBH and MDL information systems GmbH

It:Retinal

2006-10-23T14:23:37Z

Jtm05: /* Structure of all-trans retinal */ added image

'''Retinal''' (aka: retinaldehyde or retinene<sub>1</sub>) is the most important molecule associated with vision. Retinal changes structure when it is exposed to light, essentially transferring the energy from the light it absorbs to an electrical impulse in the retina of the eye, which is then passed along the optic nerve to the central nervous system to be processed. All vision systems operate in this manner, so Retinal is resposible for all vision. Retinal is a retinine molecule that exists as two different isomers - 11-cis retinal and all-trans retinal.
__toc__
== Structure of Cis-Retinal ==

{| class="toccolours" border="0" style="fix: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
| align="center" bgcolor="lt blue"|'''2D Structure'''
| align="center" bgcolor="lt blue"|'''3D Structure'''
|-
| [[image:Cis-RetinalSo.gif]]
|<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>400</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 100; bns on;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER NONAME 20-Oct-06 NONE 1
HEADER NONAME 23-Oct-06 NONE 1
TITLE NONE 2
AUTHOR WWW daemon apache NONE 3
REVDAT 1 23-Oct-06 0 NONE 4
ATOM 1 O 0 -4.284 3.090 -0.370 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 2 C 0 -4.565 2.093 0.267 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 3 H 0 -5.014 2.185 1.244 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 4 C 0 -4.301 0.826 -0.264 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 5 H 0 -3.848 0.734 -1.240 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 6 C 0 -4.620 -0.304 0.458 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 7 C 0 -5.252 -0.175 1.820 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 8 H 0 -5.510 -1.165 2.196 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 9 H 0 -4.549 0.302 2.503 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 10 H 0 -6.155 0.431 1.745 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 11 C 0 -4.356 -1.571 -0.074 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 12 H 0 -5.156 -2.288 -0.184 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 13 C 0 -3.075 -1.905 -0.455 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 14 H 0 -2.888 -2.841 -0.961 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 15 C 0 -2.013 -1.030 -0.187 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 16 H 0 -2.209 -0.062 0.250 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 17 C 0 -0.732 -1.401 -0.480 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 18 C 0 -0.460 -2.751 -1.091 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 19 H 0 0.617 -2.905 -1.166 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 20 H 0 -0.895 -3.529 -0.463 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 21 H 0 -0.903 -2.796 -2.086 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 22 C 0 0.332 -0.523 -0.212 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 23 H 0 0.148 0.407 0.306 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 24 C 0 1.593 -0.845 -0.603 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 25 H 0 1.769 -1.745 -1.174 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 26 C 0 2.679 0.001 -0.262 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 27 C 0 2.629 1.266 -0.646 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 28 C 0 1.416 1.729 -1.413 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 29 H 0 0.676 2.124 -0.718 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 30 H 0 1.708 2.509 -2.116 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 31 H 0 0.989 0.888 -1.959 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 32 C 0 3.711 2.266 -0.361 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 33 H 0 4.301 2.427 -1.263 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 34 H 0 3.259 3.209 -0.052 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 35 C 0 4.621 1.753 0.756 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 36 H 0 4.080 1.760 1.702 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 37 H 0 5.501 2.391 0.833 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 38 C 0 5.048 0.319 0.417 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 39 H 0 5.449 0.286 -0.595 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 40 H 0 5.809 -0.013 1.124 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 41 C 0 3.817 -0.587 0.519 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 42 C 0 3.414 -0.733 1.988 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 43 H 0 3.178 0.249 2.399 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 44 H 0 2.538 -1.377 2.062 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 45 H 0 4.238 -1.173 2.549 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 46 C 0 4.155 -1.967 -0.050 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 47 H 0 4.922 -2.436 0.566 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 48 H 0 3.260 -2.589 -0.051 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 49 H 0 4.524 -1.859 -1.070 0.00 0.00 H+0
CONECT 1 2 0 0 0 NONE 54
CONECT 2 1 3 4 0 NONE 55
CONECT 4 2 5 6 0 NONE 56
CONECT 6 4 7 11 0 NONE 57
CONECT 7 6 8 9 10 NONE 58
CONECT 11 6 12 13 0 NONE 59
CONECT 13 11 14 15 0 NONE 60
CONECT 15 13 16 17 0 NONE 61
CONECT 17 15 18 22 0 NONE 62
CONECT 18 17 19 20 21 NONE 63
CONECT 22 17 23 24 0 NONE 64
CONECT 24 22 25 26 0 NONE 65
CONECT 26 24 41 27 0 NONE 66
CONECT 27 26 28 32 0 NONE 67
CONECT 28 27 29 30 31 NONE 68
CONECT 32 27 33 34 35 NONE 69
CONECT 35 32 36 37 38 NONE 70
CONECT 38 35 39 40 41 NONE 71
CONECT 41 38 26 42 46 NONE 72
CONECT 42 41 43 44 45 NONE 73
CONECT 46 41 47 48 49 NONE 74
END NONE 75
NONE 70
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|}

== Properties of Cis-Retinal ==

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="fix : right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="lt blue"|'''General properties'''
|-
| Chemical name
| align="center"|(11Z)-retinal
|-
| Chemical formula
| align="center"|C<sub>20</sub>H<sub>28</sub>O
|-
| Molecular mass
| align="center"|284 g/mol
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="white" |'''Physical properties'''
|-
| Melting point
| align="center"|... °C
|-
| Boiling point
| align="center"|... °C
|-
| Appearance
| align="center"|...
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="white" |'''Miscelleneous'''
|-
| SMILES
| align="center"|CC1(C)C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C(C)=C\C=O)=C(C)CCC1
|-
|}

==Structure of all-trans retinal==
'''2D Structure'''
[[Image:AllTransRetinal.gif]]

==Properties of all-trans retinal==

==How is Retinal affected by the absorption of light?==

The absorption of light causes the pi-bond to break allowing the molecule to rotate. This allows the retinal molecule to change shape. The new shape of the molecule affects the shape of the protein to which the retinal molecule is attached to. This process occurs via a signal that passes along the optic nerve.

[[Image:RetinalConversion.png]]

== References ==

*Beilstein Data: Copyright (c) 1988-2006, Beilstein institut zur Foerderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften licensed to Beilstein GmBH and MDL information systems GmbH

It:Retinal

2006-10-23T14:22:33Z

Jtm05: /* How is Retinal affected by the absorption of light? */ after adding image and new sections, altered spacing

'''Retinal''' (aka: retinaldehyde or retinene<sub>1</sub>) is the most important molecule associated with vision. Retinal changes structure when it is exposed to light, essentially transferring the energy from the light it absorbs to an electrical impulse in the retina of the eye, which is then passed along the optic nerve to the central nervous system to be processed. All vision systems operate in this manner, so Retinal is resposible for all vision. Retinal is a retinine molecule that exists as two different isomers - 11-cis retinal and all-trans retinal.
__toc__
== Structure of Cis-Retinal ==

{| class="toccolours" border="0" style="fix: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
| align="center" bgcolor="lt blue"|'''2D Structure'''
| align="center" bgcolor="lt blue"|'''3D Structure'''
|-
| [[image:Cis-RetinalSo.gif]]
|<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>400</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 100; bns on;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER NONAME 20-Oct-06 NONE 1
HEADER NONAME 23-Oct-06 NONE 1
TITLE NONE 2
AUTHOR WWW daemon apache NONE 3
REVDAT 1 23-Oct-06 0 NONE 4
ATOM 1 O 0 -4.284 3.090 -0.370 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 2 C 0 -4.565 2.093 0.267 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 3 H 0 -5.014 2.185 1.244 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 4 C 0 -4.301 0.826 -0.264 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 5 H 0 -3.848 0.734 -1.240 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 6 C 0 -4.620 -0.304 0.458 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 7 C 0 -5.252 -0.175 1.820 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 8 H 0 -5.510 -1.165 2.196 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 9 H 0 -4.549 0.302 2.503 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 10 H 0 -6.155 0.431 1.745 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 11 C 0 -4.356 -1.571 -0.074 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 12 H 0 -5.156 -2.288 -0.184 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 13 C 0 -3.075 -1.905 -0.455 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 14 H 0 -2.888 -2.841 -0.961 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 15 C 0 -2.013 -1.030 -0.187 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 16 H 0 -2.209 -0.062 0.250 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 17 C 0 -0.732 -1.401 -0.480 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 18 C 0 -0.460 -2.751 -1.091 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 19 H 0 0.617 -2.905 -1.166 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 20 H 0 -0.895 -3.529 -0.463 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 21 H 0 -0.903 -2.796 -2.086 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 22 C 0 0.332 -0.523 -0.212 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 23 H 0 0.148 0.407 0.306 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 24 C 0 1.593 -0.845 -0.603 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 25 H 0 1.769 -1.745 -1.174 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 26 C 0 2.679 0.001 -0.262 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 27 C 0 2.629 1.266 -0.646 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 28 C 0 1.416 1.729 -1.413 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 29 H 0 0.676 2.124 -0.718 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 30 H 0 1.708 2.509 -2.116 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 31 H 0 0.989 0.888 -1.959 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 32 C 0 3.711 2.266 -0.361 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 33 H 0 4.301 2.427 -1.263 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 34 H 0 3.259 3.209 -0.052 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 35 C 0 4.621 1.753 0.756 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 36 H 0 4.080 1.760 1.702 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 37 H 0 5.501 2.391 0.833 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 38 C 0 5.048 0.319 0.417 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 39 H 0 5.449 0.286 -0.595 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 40 H 0 5.809 -0.013 1.124 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 41 C 0 3.817 -0.587 0.519 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 42 C 0 3.414 -0.733 1.988 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 43 H 0 3.178 0.249 2.399 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 44 H 0 2.538 -1.377 2.062 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 45 H 0 4.238 -1.173 2.549 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 46 C 0 4.155 -1.967 -0.050 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 47 H 0 4.922 -2.436 0.566 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 48 H 0 3.260 -2.589 -0.051 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 49 H 0 4.524 -1.859 -1.070 0.00 0.00 H+0
CONECT 1 2 0 0 0 NONE 54
CONECT 2 1 3 4 0 NONE 55
CONECT 4 2 5 6 0 NONE 56
CONECT 6 4 7 11 0 NONE 57
CONECT 7 6 8 9 10 NONE 58
CONECT 11 6 12 13 0 NONE 59
CONECT 13 11 14 15 0 NONE 60
CONECT 15 13 16 17 0 NONE 61
CONECT 17 15 18 22 0 NONE 62
CONECT 18 17 19 20 21 NONE 63
CONECT 22 17 23 24 0 NONE 64
CONECT 24 22 25 26 0 NONE 65
CONECT 26 24 41 27 0 NONE 66
CONECT 27 26 28 32 0 NONE 67
CONECT 28 27 29 30 31 NONE 68
CONECT 32 27 33 34 35 NONE 69
CONECT 35 32 36 37 38 NONE 70
CONECT 38 35 39 40 41 NONE 71
CONECT 41 38 26 42 46 NONE 72
CONECT 42 41 43 44 45 NONE 73
CONECT 46 41 47 48 49 NONE 74
END NONE 75
NONE 70
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|}

== Properties of Cis-Retinal ==

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="fix : right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="lt blue"|'''General properties'''
|-
| Chemical name
| align="center"|(11Z)-retinal
|-
| Chemical formula
| align="center"|C<sub>20</sub>H<sub>28</sub>O
|-
| Molecular mass
| align="center"|284 g/mol
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="white" |'''Physical properties'''
|-
| Melting point
| align="center"|... °C
|-
| Boiling point
| align="center"|... °C
|-
| Appearance
| align="center"|...
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="white" |'''Miscelleneous'''
|-
| SMILES
| align="center"|CC1(C)C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C(C)=C\C=O)=C(C)CCC1
|-
|}

==Structure of all-trans retinal==

==Properties of all-trans retinal==

==How is Retinal affected by the absorption of light?==

The absorption of light causes the pi-bond to break allowing the molecule to rotate. This allows the retinal molecule to change shape. The new shape of the molecule affects the shape of the protein to which the retinal molecule is attached to. This process occurs via a signal that passes along the optic nerve.

[[Image:RetinalConversion.png]]

== References ==

*Beilstein Data: Copyright (c) 1988-2006, Beilstein institut zur Foerderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften licensed to Beilstein GmBH and MDL information systems GmbH

File:AllTransRetinal.gif

2006-10-23T14:21:33Z

Jtm05: All-trans retinal

All-trans retinal

It:Retinal

2006-10-23T14:20:13Z

Jtm05:

'''Retinal''' (aka: retinaldehyde or retinene<sub>1</sub>) is the most important molecule associated with vision. Retinal changes structure when it is exposed to light, essentially transferring the energy from the light it absorbs to an electrical impulse in the retina of the eye, which is then passed along the optic nerve to the central nervous system to be processed. All vision systems operate in this manner, so Retinal is resposible for all vision. Retinal is a retinine molecule that exists as two different isomers - 11-cis retinal and all-trans retinal.
__toc__
== Structure of Cis-Retinal ==

{| class="toccolours" border="0" style="fix: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
| align="center" bgcolor="lt blue"|'''2D Structure'''
| align="center" bgcolor="lt blue"|'''3D Structure'''
|-
| [[image:Cis-RetinalSo.gif]]
|<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>400</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 100; bns on;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER NONAME 20-Oct-06 NONE 1
HEADER NONAME 23-Oct-06 NONE 1
TITLE NONE 2
AUTHOR WWW daemon apache NONE 3
REVDAT 1 23-Oct-06 0 NONE 4
ATOM 1 O 0 -4.284 3.090 -0.370 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 2 C 0 -4.565 2.093 0.267 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 3 H 0 -5.014 2.185 1.244 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 4 C 0 -4.301 0.826 -0.264 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 5 H 0 -3.848 0.734 -1.240 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 6 C 0 -4.620 -0.304 0.458 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 7 C 0 -5.252 -0.175 1.820 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 8 H 0 -5.510 -1.165 2.196 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 9 H 0 -4.549 0.302 2.503 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 10 H 0 -6.155 0.431 1.745 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 11 C 0 -4.356 -1.571 -0.074 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 12 H 0 -5.156 -2.288 -0.184 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 13 C 0 -3.075 -1.905 -0.455 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 14 H 0 -2.888 -2.841 -0.961 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 15 C 0 -2.013 -1.030 -0.187 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 16 H 0 -2.209 -0.062 0.250 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 17 C 0 -0.732 -1.401 -0.480 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 18 C 0 -0.460 -2.751 -1.091 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 19 H 0 0.617 -2.905 -1.166 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 20 H 0 -0.895 -3.529 -0.463 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 21 H 0 -0.903 -2.796 -2.086 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 22 C 0 0.332 -0.523 -0.212 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 23 H 0 0.148 0.407 0.306 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 24 C 0 1.593 -0.845 -0.603 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 25 H 0 1.769 -1.745 -1.174 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 26 C 0 2.679 0.001 -0.262 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 27 C 0 2.629 1.266 -0.646 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 28 C 0 1.416 1.729 -1.413 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 29 H 0 0.676 2.124 -0.718 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 30 H 0 1.708 2.509 -2.116 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 31 H 0 0.989 0.888 -1.959 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 32 C 0 3.711 2.266 -0.361 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 33 H 0 4.301 2.427 -1.263 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 34 H 0 3.259 3.209 -0.052 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 35 C 0 4.621 1.753 0.756 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 36 H 0 4.080 1.760 1.702 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 37 H 0 5.501 2.391 0.833 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 38 C 0 5.048 0.319 0.417 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 39 H 0 5.449 0.286 -0.595 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 40 H 0 5.809 -0.013 1.124 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 41 C 0 3.817 -0.587 0.519 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 42 C 0 3.414 -0.733 1.988 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 43 H 0 3.178 0.249 2.399 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 44 H 0 2.538 -1.377 2.062 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 45 H 0 4.238 -1.173 2.549 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 46 C 0 4.155 -1.967 -0.050 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 47 H 0 4.922 -2.436 0.566 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 48 H 0 3.260 -2.589 -0.051 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 49 H 0 4.524 -1.859 -1.070 0.00 0.00 H+0
CONECT 1 2 0 0 0 NONE 54
CONECT 2 1 3 4 0 NONE 55
CONECT 4 2 5 6 0 NONE 56
CONECT 6 4 7 11 0 NONE 57
CONECT 7 6 8 9 10 NONE 58
CONECT 11 6 12 13 0 NONE 59
CONECT 13 11 14 15 0 NONE 60
CONECT 15 13 16 17 0 NONE 61
CONECT 17 15 18 22 0 NONE 62
CONECT 18 17 19 20 21 NONE 63
CONECT 22 17 23 24 0 NONE 64
CONECT 24 22 25 26 0 NONE 65
CONECT 26 24 41 27 0 NONE 66
CONECT 27 26 28 32 0 NONE 67
CONECT 28 27 29 30 31 NONE 68
CONECT 32 27 33 34 35 NONE 69
CONECT 35 32 36 37 38 NONE 70
CONECT 38 35 39 40 41 NONE 71
CONECT 41 38 26 42 46 NONE 72
CONECT 42 41 43 44 45 NONE 73
CONECT 46 41 47 48 49 NONE 74
END NONE 75
NONE 70
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|}

== Properties of Cis-Retinal ==

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="fix : right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="lt blue"|'''General properties'''
|-
| Chemical name
| align="center"|(11Z)-retinal
|-
| Chemical formula
| align="center"|C<sub>20</sub>H<sub>28</sub>O
|-
| Molecular mass
| align="center"|284 g/mol
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="white" |'''Physical properties'''
|-
| Melting point
| align="center"|... °C
|-
| Boiling point
| align="center"|... °C
|-
| Appearance
| align="center"|...
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="white" |'''Miscelleneous'''
|-
| SMILES
| align="center"|CC1(C)C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C(C)=C\C=O)=C(C)CCC1
|-
|}

==Structure of all-trans retinal==

==Properties of all-trans retinal==

==How is Retinal affected by the absorption of light?==

The absorption of light causes the pi-bond to break allowing the molecule to rotate. This allows the retinal molecule to change shape. The new shape of the molecule affects the shape of the protein to which the retinal molecule is attached to. This process occurs via a signal that passes along the optic nerve.
[[Image:RetinalConversion.png]]
== References ==

*Beilstein Data: Copyright (c) 1988-2006, Beilstein institut zur Foerderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften licensed to Beilstein GmBH and MDL information systems GmbH

File:RetinalConversion.png

2006-10-23T14:19:17Z

Jtm05: 11-Cis Retinal --> all-trans retinal

11-Cis Retinal --> all-trans retinal

It:Retinal

2006-10-23T14:17:40Z

Jtm05:

'''Retinal''' (aka: retinaldehyde or retinene<sub>1</sub>) is the most important molecule associated with vision. Retinal changes structure when it is exposed to light, essentially transferring the energy from the light it absorbs to an electrical impulse in the retina of the eye, which is then passed along the optic nerve to the central nervous system to be processed. All vision systems operate in this manner, so Retinal is resposible for all vision. Retinal is a retinine molecule that exists as two different isomers - 11-cis retinal and all-trans retinal.
__toc__
== Structure of Cis-Retinal ==

{| class="toccolours" border="0" style="fix: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
| align="center" bgcolor="lt blue"|'''2D Structure'''
| align="center" bgcolor="lt blue"|'''3D Structure'''
|-
| [[image:Cis-RetinalSo.gif]]
|<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>400</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 100; bns on;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER NONAME 20-Oct-06 NONE 1
HEADER NONAME 23-Oct-06 NONE 1
TITLE NONE 2
AUTHOR WWW daemon apache NONE 3
REVDAT 1 23-Oct-06 0 NONE 4
ATOM 1 O 0 -4.284 3.090 -0.370 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 2 C 0 -4.565 2.093 0.267 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 3 H 0 -5.014 2.185 1.244 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 4 C 0 -4.301 0.826 -0.264 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 5 H 0 -3.848 0.734 -1.240 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 6 C 0 -4.620 -0.304 0.458 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 7 C 0 -5.252 -0.175 1.820 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 8 H 0 -5.510 -1.165 2.196 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 9 H 0 -4.549 0.302 2.503 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 10 H 0 -6.155 0.431 1.745 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 11 C 0 -4.356 -1.571 -0.074 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 12 H 0 -5.156 -2.288 -0.184 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 13 C 0 -3.075 -1.905 -0.455 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 14 H 0 -2.888 -2.841 -0.961 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 15 C 0 -2.013 -1.030 -0.187 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 16 H 0 -2.209 -0.062 0.250 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 17 C 0 -0.732 -1.401 -0.480 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 18 C 0 -0.460 -2.751 -1.091 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 19 H 0 0.617 -2.905 -1.166 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 20 H 0 -0.895 -3.529 -0.463 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 21 H 0 -0.903 -2.796 -2.086 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 22 C 0 0.332 -0.523 -0.212 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 23 H 0 0.148 0.407 0.306 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 24 C 0 1.593 -0.845 -0.603 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 25 H 0 1.769 -1.745 -1.174 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 26 C 0 2.679 0.001 -0.262 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 27 C 0 2.629 1.266 -0.646 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 28 C 0 1.416 1.729 -1.413 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 29 H 0 0.676 2.124 -0.718 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 30 H 0 1.708 2.509 -2.116 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 31 H 0 0.989 0.888 -1.959 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 32 C 0 3.711 2.266 -0.361 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 33 H 0 4.301 2.427 -1.263 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 34 H 0 3.259 3.209 -0.052 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 35 C 0 4.621 1.753 0.756 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 36 H 0 4.080 1.760 1.702 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 37 H 0 5.501 2.391 0.833 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 38 C 0 5.048 0.319 0.417 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 39 H 0 5.449 0.286 -0.595 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 40 H 0 5.809 -0.013 1.124 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 41 C 0 3.817 -0.587 0.519 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 42 C 0 3.414 -0.733 1.988 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 43 H 0 3.178 0.249 2.399 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 44 H 0 2.538 -1.377 2.062 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 45 H 0 4.238 -1.173 2.549 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 46 C 0 4.155 -1.967 -0.050 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 47 H 0 4.922 -2.436 0.566 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 48 H 0 3.260 -2.589 -0.051 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 49 H 0 4.524 -1.859 -1.070 0.00 0.00 H+0
CONECT 1 2 0 0 0 NONE 54
CONECT 2 1 3 4 0 NONE 55
CONECT 4 2 5 6 0 NONE 56
CONECT 6 4 7 11 0 NONE 57
CONECT 7 6 8 9 10 NONE 58
CONECT 11 6 12 13 0 NONE 59
CONECT 13 11 14 15 0 NONE 60
CONECT 15 13 16 17 0 NONE 61
CONECT 17 15 18 22 0 NONE 62
CONECT 18 17 19 20 21 NONE 63
CONECT 22 17 23 24 0 NONE 64
CONECT 24 22 25 26 0 NONE 65
CONECT 26 24 41 27 0 NONE 66
CONECT 27 26 28 32 0 NONE 67
CONECT 28 27 29 30 31 NONE 68
CONECT 32 27 33 34 35 NONE 69
CONECT 35 32 36 37 38 NONE 70
CONECT 38 35 39 40 41 NONE 71
CONECT 41 38 26 42 46 NONE 72
CONECT 42 41 43 44 45 NONE 73
CONECT 46 41 47 48 49 NONE 74
END NONE 75
NONE 70
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|}

== Properties of Cis-Retinal ==

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="fix : right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="lt blue"|'''General properties'''
|-
| Chemical name
| align="center"|(11Z)-retinal
|-
| Chemical formula
| align="center"|C<sub>20</sub>H<sub>28</sub>O
|-
| Molecular mass
| align="center"|284 g/mol
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="white" |'''Physical properties'''
|-
| Melting point
| align="center"|... °C
|-
| Boiling point
| align="center"|... °C
|-
| Appearance
| align="center"|...
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="white" |'''Miscelleneous'''
|-
| SMILES
| align="center"|CC1(C)C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C(C)=C\C=O)=C(C)CCC1
|-
|}

==Structure of all-trans retinal==

==Properties of all-trans retinal==

==How is Retinal affected by the absorption of light?==

The absorption of light causes the pi-bond to break allowing the molecule to rotate. This allows the retinal molecule to change shape. The new shape of the molecule affects the shape of the protein to which the retinal molecule is attached to. This process occurs via a signal that passes along the optic nerve.

== References ==

*Beilstein Data: Copyright (c) 1988-2006, Beilstein institut zur Foerderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften licensed to Beilstein GmBH and MDL information systems GmbH

It:Retinal

2006-10-23T14:10:35Z

Jtm05: /* Structure of Cis-Retinal */ added summary-intro

'''Retinal''' (aka: retinaldehyde or retinene<sub>1</sub>) is the most important molecule associated with vision. Retinal changes structure when it is exposed to light, essentially transferring the energy from the light it absorbs to an electrical impulse in the retina of the eye, which is then passed along the optic nerve to the central nervous system to be processed. All vision systems operate in this manner, so Retinal is resposible for all vision. Retinal is a retinine molecule that exists as two different isomers - 11-cis retinal and all-trans retinal
__toc__
== Structure of Cis-Retinal ==

{| class="toccolours" border="0" style="fix: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
| align="center" bgcolor="lt blue"|'''2D Structure'''
| align="center" bgcolor="lt blue"|'''3D Structure'''
|-
| [[image:Cis-RetinalSo.gif]]
|<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>400</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 100; bns on;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER NONAME 20-Oct-06 NONE 1
HEADER NONAME 23-Oct-06 NONE 1
TITLE NONE 2
AUTHOR WWW daemon apache NONE 3
REVDAT 1 23-Oct-06 0 NONE 4
ATOM 1 O 0 -4.284 3.090 -0.370 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 2 C 0 -4.565 2.093 0.267 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 3 H 0 -5.014 2.185 1.244 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 4 C 0 -4.301 0.826 -0.264 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 5 H 0 -3.848 0.734 -1.240 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 6 C 0 -4.620 -0.304 0.458 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 7 C 0 -5.252 -0.175 1.820 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 8 H 0 -5.510 -1.165 2.196 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 9 H 0 -4.549 0.302 2.503 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 10 H 0 -6.155 0.431 1.745 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 11 C 0 -4.356 -1.571 -0.074 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 12 H 0 -5.156 -2.288 -0.184 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 13 C 0 -3.075 -1.905 -0.455 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 14 H 0 -2.888 -2.841 -0.961 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 15 C 0 -2.013 -1.030 -0.187 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 16 H 0 -2.209 -0.062 0.250 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 17 C 0 -0.732 -1.401 -0.480 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 18 C 0 -0.460 -2.751 -1.091 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 19 H 0 0.617 -2.905 -1.166 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 20 H 0 -0.895 -3.529 -0.463 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 21 H 0 -0.903 -2.796 -2.086 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 22 C 0 0.332 -0.523 -0.212 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 23 H 0 0.148 0.407 0.306 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 24 C 0 1.593 -0.845 -0.603 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 25 H 0 1.769 -1.745 -1.174 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 26 C 0 2.679 0.001 -0.262 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 27 C 0 2.629 1.266 -0.646 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 28 C 0 1.416 1.729 -1.413 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 29 H 0 0.676 2.124 -0.718 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 30 H 0 1.708 2.509 -2.116 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 31 H 0 0.989 0.888 -1.959 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 32 C 0 3.711 2.266 -0.361 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 33 H 0 4.301 2.427 -1.263 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 34 H 0 3.259 3.209 -0.052 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 35 C 0 4.621 1.753 0.756 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 36 H 0 4.080 1.760 1.702 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 37 H 0 5.501 2.391 0.833 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 38 C 0 5.048 0.319 0.417 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 39 H 0 5.449 0.286 -0.595 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 40 H 0 5.809 -0.013 1.124 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 41 C 0 3.817 -0.587 0.519 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 42 C 0 3.414 -0.733 1.988 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 43 H 0 3.178 0.249 2.399 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 44 H 0 2.538 -1.377 2.062 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 45 H 0 4.238 -1.173 2.549 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 46 C 0 4.155 -1.967 -0.050 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 47 H 0 4.922 -2.436 0.566 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 48 H 0 3.260 -2.589 -0.051 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 49 H 0 4.524 -1.859 -1.070 0.00 0.00 H+0
CONECT 1 2 0 0 0 NONE 54
CONECT 2 1 3 4 0 NONE 55
CONECT 4 2 5 6 0 NONE 56
CONECT 6 4 7 11 0 NONE 57
CONECT 7 6 8 9 10 NONE 58
CONECT 11 6 12 13 0 NONE 59
CONECT 13 11 14 15 0 NONE 60
CONECT 15 13 16 17 0 NONE 61
CONECT 17 15 18 22 0 NONE 62
CONECT 18 17 19 20 21 NONE 63
CONECT 22 17 23 24 0 NONE 64
CONECT 24 22 25 26 0 NONE 65
CONECT 26 24 41 27 0 NONE 66
CONECT 27 26 28 32 0 NONE 67
CONECT 28 27 29 30 31 NONE 68
CONECT 32 27 33 34 35 NONE 69
CONECT 35 32 36 37 38 NONE 70
CONECT 38 35 39 40 41 NONE 71
CONECT 41 38 26 42 46 NONE 72
CONECT 42 41 43 44 45 NONE 73
CONECT 46 41 47 48 49 NONE 74
END NONE 75
NONE 70
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|}

== Properties of Cis-Retinal ==

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="fix : right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="lt blue"|'''General properties'''
|-
| Chemical name
| align="center"|(11Z)-retinal
|-
| Chemical formula
| align="center"|C<sub>20</sub>H<sub>28</sub>O
|-
| Molecular mass
| align="center"|284 g/mol
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="white" |'''Physical properties'''
|-
| Melting point
| align="center"|... °C
|-
| Boiling point
| align="center"|... °C
|-
| Appearance
| align="center"|...
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="white" |'''Miscelleneous'''
|-
| SMILES
| align="center"|CC1(C)C(/C=C/C(C)=C/C=C\C(C)=C\C=O)=C(C)CCC1
|-
|}

==How is Retinal affected by the absorption of light?==

The absorption of light causes the pi-bond to break allowing the molecule to rotate. This allows the retinal molecule to change shape. The new shape of the molecule affects the shape of the protein to which the retinal molecule is attached to. This process occurs via a signal that passes along the optic nerve.

== References ==

*Beilstein Data: Copyright (c) 1988-2006, Beilstein institut zur Foerderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften licensed to Beilstein GmBH and MDL information systems GmbH

It:projects

2006-10-23T13:54:21Z

Jtm05: /* Supplemental Project Page */ added new project - morphine

__FORCETOC__

'''''You MUST use the Edit buttons on the right to edit this content. Do NOT use the Edit button on the top of this page.'''''
== Sandbox (Play-Pen) ==

This is an area where you can play without worrying what you do. Enter it by pressing the [Edit] button '''on the right''' and '''not''' at the top. Go here for a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Cheatsheet ''cheat sheet''] summary of how to create a Wiki page. It's a free-for-all in here! Learn how to use a Wiki by coming here! PS This is how to do Greek: Α, α, β Δ, δ
Try copying/pasting some of the [http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/local/it/lab1.html examples in the course work] into this page. See the effect by selecting '''Show Preview'''. No not use '''Save Page''' so as to leave this area uncluttered for others.
----
<div align="left"><br>

== Main Project Page ==
'''Please do not edit this page itself'''. Click on one of the titles to start editing.
{| summary="CIT Project Titles" border="1"
! bgcolor="cyan" |Project<br /> Number
! bgcolor="cyan" |General Keywords
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |01
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Lignocaine|Lignocaine (used in dentistry as a "local")]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |02
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Piperine|Piperine (active ingredient of both black and white pepper)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |03
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Rapamycin|Rapamycin (prevents transplant rejection)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |04
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Gossypol|Gossypol (male birth control)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |05
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Gentamycin|Gentamicin A (aminoglycoside antibiotic)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |06
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Herceptin|Herceptin (topical anticancer drug)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |07
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Gingerone|Zingerone (the characteristic smell of ginger)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |08
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Sucralose|Sucralose (non-metabolizable sweetening agent)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |09
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Bufotoxin|Bufotoxin (active component of the toad ''Bufo vulgaris'')]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |10
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Roaccutane|Roaccutane (treatment for severe acne)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |11
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Sibutramine|Sibutramine (appetite suppresor)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |12
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Anandamide|Anandamide (the "feel-good" factor in chocolate)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |13
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:h3nbh3|Ammonia-borane: H<sub>3</sub>N-BH<sub>3</sub> (Hydrogen storage molecule?)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |14
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Methoxsalen|Methoxsalen (Treatment of psoriasis)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |15
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Hycocine|Hyoscine (From Mandrake and Witches Henbane, pre-med before surgery)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |16
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Capreomycin|Capreomycin (Drug-resistant TB)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |17
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:wilkinson|Wilkinson's catalyst]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |18
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Jacobsen|Jacobsen's epoxidation catalyst]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |19
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Methylaluminoxane|Methylaluminoxane: MAO - hugely important ethylene polymerisation cocatalyst]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |20
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Schwartz|Schwartz reagent for the hydrozirconation of alkenes and alkynes]]
|}

== Supplemental Project Page ==

This area is for people who wish to create their own projects if none of the above appeal to them. Click on the '''Edit''' button to the right to open up an editable page,
then add an entry below as follows

*<nowiki> [[it:name_of_project|Descriptive name of intended project]]</nowiki>
*This will produce the effect: [[it:name_of_project|Descriptive name of intended project]]
----
*[[it:sitagliptin_page|Sitagliptin]]
*[[it:Retinal|Retinal, molecule of sight]]
*[[it:Tamoxifen|Tamoxifen, breast cancer treatment]]
*[[it:Morphine|Morphine, painkiller]]

== [[Special:Export|Export Pages]] ==

This takes you to an '''Export''' page. A backup of the Projects area can be made (in XML) if you want to keep your own
''snapshot'' of the project pages at any instant. After you Export the page you want (ie '''It:projects''' or '''It:Lignocaine''' for example) the XML encoding of it will appear in your browser Window. You should '''view source''' for this material, copy it to a text editor, and thence save it to disk.

== Overlaps ==

If two people start editing a page at the same time, and '''save''' the change simultaneously, its possible only one of the changes
will be made permanent. If anyone spots this happening, please let me know.

One precaution you could take is to keep a copy of the contents of the page you are editing in eg Wordpad (or Word),
make the changes there, and then copy the entire lot to the Wiki page to preview and then save. Tht way, if your contribution
is overlapped by someone else, you will still have a copy, and you can then resubmit it.
----
--[[User:Rzepa|Rzepa]] 12:25, 19 October 2006 (BST)

== Wiki Utillities ==
Utilities have been written to help the conversion of material from HTML.

# [http://diberri.dyndns.org/wikipedia/html2wiki/ A HTML2Wiki Converter]

No wiki2html converter suitable for use has yet been identified.
=== Wiki Templates ===

[[Template:DOI]] and [[Template:Doi-inline]] are providea as (protected) templates for your use. Many other templates exist, often to be found on e.g. Wikipedia pages. You may decide one of these is of particular use, or of interest. If so, you can install it on the wiki here for you and others to use. Add below a line that looks like {{template-name|parameter}}, save, and click on the red text to create the new template. If you prefer the task of adding useful templates to that of adding information about molecules, then you will be given full credit for performing this valuable service for others!
--[[User:Rzepa|Rzepa]] 14:41, 20 October 2006 (BST)

----
[[Template:Chem-Data]]

It:projects

2006-10-23T13:35:42Z

Jtm05: /* Supplemental Project Page */ corrected spelling mistake

__FORCETOC__

'''''You MUST use the Edit buttons on the right to edit this content. Do NOT use the Edit button on the top of this page.'''''
== Sandbox (Play-Pen) ==

This is an area where you can play without worrying what you do. Enter it by pressing the [Edit] button '''on the right''' and '''not''' at the top. Go here for a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Cheatsheet ''cheat sheet''] summary of how to create a Wiki page. It's a free-for-all in here! Learn how to use a Wiki by coming here! PS This is how to do Greek: Α, α, β Δ, δ
Try copying/pasting some of the [http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/local/it/lab1.html examples in the course work] into this page. See the effect by selecting '''Show Preview'''. No not use '''Save Page''' so as to leave this area uncluttered for others.
----
<div align="left"><br>

== Main Project Page ==
'''Please do not edit this page itself'''. Click on one of the titles to start editing.
{| summary="CIT Project Titles" border="1"
! bgcolor="cyan" |Project<br /> Number
! bgcolor="cyan" |General Keywords
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |01
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Lignocaine|Lignocaine (used in dentistry as a "local")]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |02
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Piperine|Piperine (active ingredient of both black and white pepper)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |03
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Rapamycin|Rapamycin (prevents transplant rejection)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |04
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Gossypol|Gossypol (male birth control)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |05
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Gentamycin|Gentamicin A (aminoglycoside antibiotic)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |06
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Herceptin|Herceptin (topical anticancer drug)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |07
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Gingerone|Zingerone (the characteristic smell of ginger)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |08
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Sucralose|Sucralose (non-metabolizable sweetening agent)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |09
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Bufotoxin|Bufotoxin (active component of the toad ''Bufo vulgaris'')]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |10
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Roaccutane|Roaccutane (treatment for severe acne)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |11
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Sibutramine|Sibutramine (appetite suppresor)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |12
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Anandamide|Anandamide (the "feel-good" factor in chocolate)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |13
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:h3nbh3|Ammonia-borane: H<sub>3</sub>N-BH<sub>3</sub> (Hydrogen storage molecule?)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |14
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Methoxsalen|Methoxsalen (Treatment of psoriasis)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |15
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Hycocine|Hyoscine (From Mandrake and Witches Henbane, pre-med before surgery)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |16
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Capreomycin|Capreomycin (Drug-resistant TB)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |17
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:wilkinson|Wilkinson's catalyst]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |18
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Jacobsen|Jacobsen's epoxidation catalyst]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |19
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Methylaluminoxane|Methylaluminoxane: MAO - hugely important ethylene polymerisation cocatalyst]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |20
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Schwartz|Schwartz reagent for the hydrozirconation of alkenes and alkynes]]
|}

== Supplemental Project Page ==

This area is for people who wish to create their own projects if none of the above appeal to them. Click on the '''Edit''' button to the right to open up an editable page,
then add an entry below as follows

*<nowiki> [[it:name_of_project|Descriptive name of intended project]]</nowiki>
*This will produce the effect: [[it:name_of_project|Descriptive name of intended project]]
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*[[it:sitagliptin_page|Sitagliptin]]
*[[it:Retinal|Retinal, molecule of sight]]

== [[Special:Export|Export Pages]] ==

This takes you to an '''Export''' page. A backup of the Projects area can be made (in XML) if you want to keep your own
''snapshot'' of the project pages at any instant. After you Export the page you want (ie '''It:projects''' or '''It:Lignocaine''' for example) the XML encoding of it will appear in your browser Window. You should '''view source''' for this material, copy it to a text editor, and thence save it to disk.

== Overlaps ==

If two people start editing a page at the same time, and '''save''' the change simultaneously, its possible only one of the changes
will be made permanent. If anyone spots this happening, please let me know.

One precaution you could take is to keep a copy of the contents of the page you are editing in eg Wordpad (or Word),
make the changes there, and then copy the entire lot to the Wiki page to preview and then save. Tht way, if your contribution
is overlapped by someone else, you will still have a copy, and you can then resubmit it.
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--[[User:Rzepa|Rzepa]] 12:25, 19 October 2006 (BST)

== Wiki Utillities ==
Utilities have been written to help the conversion of material from HTML.

# [http://diberri.dyndns.org/wikipedia/html2wiki/ A HTML2Wiki Converter]

No wiki2html converter suitable for use has yet been identified.
=== Wiki Templates ===

[[Template:DOI]] and [[Template:Doi-inline]] are providea as (protected) templates for your use. Many other templates exist, often to be found on e.g. Wikipedia pages. You may decide one of these is of particular use, or of interest. If so, you can install it on the wiki here for you and others to use. Add below a line that looks like {{template-name|parameter}}, save, and click on the red text to create the new template. If you prefer the task of adding useful templates to that of adding information about molecules, then you will be given full credit for performing this valuable service for others!
--[[User:Rzepa|Rzepa]] 14:41, 20 October 2006 (BST)

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[[Template:Chem-Data]]